Scarborough's Reading Rope
Phonics
What is the study of speech sounds related to reading?
Consonants
What are speech sounds created by obstructing air flow or all letters other than vowels a,e,i,o,u sometimes y?
Number and type of syllables in the word thunder
What are 2? What is closed and r-controlled?
Prefix
What is an affix added to the beginning of a word?
What is word recognition and language comprehension?
Blend and example
What is two letters next to each other with two or more sounds? Difficult to hear both sounds and create difficulties in spelling
examples: br, bl, st
Best to start with s blends (easier to distinguish)
6 syllable types
What are open, closed, vce, r-controlled, vowel team and final stable/consonant-le?
Number of vowel sounds in English language.
What is 21?
What are phonological awareness, decoding and sight recognition?
Digraph and example
What are two letters that create 1 sound?
Examples: ph, gh, ck, th, sh, ch
There are also vowel digraphs.
Morphemic awareness
What is the ability to reflect, analyze and manipulate the meaning chunks in a word?
What is the process of bonding words to memory so that no sounding out is required, rooted in phonemic awareness and phonics?
Five aspects of language comprehension.
What are background knowledge, vocabulary, language structure, verbal reasoning and literacy knowledge?
Orthography
What is the spelling of words?
What is the flexible division approach to breaking a word into syllables?
What is understanding that each syllable has a vowel which determines where a syllable begins and ends?
Mark vowels in word
Separate into syllables
Blend syllables into word and adjust accordingly
Number of speech sounds in the English language.
What is 44?
Lexical Quality Hypothesis
What are words that are fully and accurately stored in memory are easier to retrieve? Accurate spelling is easier to remember.
The key to storing words is extensive reading.
Morphophonemic.
What is the relationship between sound and meaning in the spelling of words?