Introduction
when was the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change established?
1988
How is usable science best produced?
Interactions between scientists, policy-makers and the public.
What did all 7 LUSTRA scientist agree 'basic science' is?
Independent research activity driven by curiosity and a desire to expand the understanding nature and environmental change.
What is the Swedish government delegation to the UNFCCC up to date on?
Achievements within carbon cycle research through the IPCC.
According to Skodvin and Underdal, scientific knowledge about nature is generated by who?
Truth-seeking scientists through the employment of stringent professional standards.
When was the Kyoto protocol implemented throughout the governments
1997
Summer of 2001 in Bonn
What did most policy-makers agree on?
It is necessary for Policy-makers to steer scientists towards policy-relevant research areas.
Following the Kyoto meeting in 1997, what happened to the negotiations on land use change and forestry?
It became so complex that only those with adequate scientific expertise can follow the details.
What has Kyoto-specific knowledge influenced and how?
Choice of Methods
Empirical Observations
Implicates the fundamental research practices of LUSTRA scientists.
What was the intention of the Kyoto protocol?
Commit industrialized countries and economies in transition to limit and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with agreed individual targets.
What does the Kyoto protocol have countries do?
Account for net changes in greenhouse gas emissions resulting from human involvement.
What did the LUSTRA Scientists ask for?
Better balance between long-term curiosity-driven science and research attuned to the short term needs of society.
What are some of the central means in transferring information from science to policy?
Seminars
Lectures
Synthesized Research Reports
What did the negotiation on articles 3.3 and 3.4 of the Kyoto protocol do?
Restrict who is able to determine what counts as useful facts among a diverse set of knowledge claims.
How many scientist were interviewed for the article?
7 senior LUSTRA scientists
8 Swedish Government Officials
What did the IPCC invite countries to do at the Kyoto meeting?
Develop methods to estimate, measure, monitor, and report changes in terrestrial carbon stocks.
What did the Government Officials ask for?
Regulatory research that will synthesize primary findings and translate them to policy-relevant knowledge.
What did almost all the LUSTRA members agree on?
The primary role of science is to do high quality research and communicate the finding to society in a transparent and apolitical manner.
What does the author claim will happen if we maintain images of scientific purity and independence?
The interpretation and use of primary findings in the regulatory domain appears to have little to do with the academic environments in which the knowledge is produced.
What did the LUSTRA program exemplify?
The tension between conventional notions of scientific independence
Aim to attune science to the needs of society.
Since the inception of carbon cycle research in 2000, how many institutions have adopted this research?
80 institutions in 20 countries in Europe
What did several of the interviewees express hope for?
That programs (LUSTRA) will contribute to long-term build-up of national competence in the carbon cycle field that can be useful in future negotiations.
What did none of the Government officials suggest?
Employment of scientific expertise in the political process challenges the demarcation between science, politics, and power in any fundamental way.
According to the author, what happens if we approach science as a social and open-ended activity?
It is no longer possible to fully separate the production of carbon cycle science from its use.