Heat
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas
When was Highway 413 first proposed?
2002
What is the first element on the periodic table?
Hydrogen
How many elements are in a pure substance?
One, pure substance is a substance made up of one element
What is the strongest shape?
Truss / triangle
What is the difference between heat and temperature?
Heat is the total amount of kinetic energy (how many molecules are moving, and the transfer of thermal energy from warm to cold), and temperature is the average amount of kinetic energy (how fast the molecules are moving).
Where is Highway 413 located?
Northwest GTA
Brampton, Vaughan, and rural urban fringe areas
What are the 4 things that have to be on every single element?
Atomic number
Symbol
Element name
Atomic mass
True or false, stainless steel is an alloy?
True
What are tension, torsion, shear, and compression?
Compression: pushing or squishing force, make the molecules come closer together.
Torsion: twisting force, makes molecules move in a circular motion
What are the five parts of particle theory?
- All matter is made up of particles
- Particles are always moving
- Particles have spaces between them
- Alike particles are attracted to each other
- When a particle is heated, it moves faster, and when it is cooled, it moves more slowly
When will Highway 413 be finished?
No specific date 🤪
The 9th element on the periodic table is used to clean your teeth. What is it?
Floride
Define and give an example of a homogeneous mixture, and a Heterogenous mixture?
Homogeneous is a mixture that you can't easily separate (air)
Heterogeneous is a mixture that you can easily separate (salad)
What are the four types of structures, and give an example of each?
Shell - helmet
Frame - sceloton
Solid - hockey puck
Combination - car
Give an example of when it would come in handy, and a scientific definition of thermal expansion and thermal contraction?
Thermal expansion is when particles get heated, and the molecules move faster and further apart, resulting in the object getting bigger. An example of this is when you can't open a jar.
Thermal contraction is when particles get cooled, and the molecules move more slowly and closer together, resulting in the object getting smaller. An example of this is low tire pressure.
Name 7 people or groups who are tied to the issue?
Environmental groups / Naturalist Organizations
Construction companies
Local residents
Indigenous people and communities
Transportation/trucking associations
Political party/leaders
Unions
What would happen if zinc didn't exist? (2 examples)?
People will get burned more easily because sunscreen won't work as well. Metal would rust more easily.
What are the three ways matter can be classified based on how its components are mixed together?
Mechanical mixtures, solutions, and alloys
What are the different types of loads (give examples of each load)?
A live load is the force of gravity pushing down on objects on a structure (a car on a bridge)
A dead load is the force of gravity on the structure itself (the force of gravity on a bridge).
A static load is any load that is helped by gravity (the weight of walls pushing down on the foundation)
A dynamic load is any load that is not helped by gravity (wind pushing on a building)
Name the three types of heat transfer and two examples for each type?
Convection Example:
- Boil water in a kettle
- Hot air balloons
Conduction Example:
- Giving someone a hug
- Putting a spoon in hot water
Radiation Example:
- Sun beaming on your face
- Heating up food in a microave
How will the construction impact land, water, and air?
Land:
The issue on land is agricultural loss
The Highway 413 project paves over approximately 2,000 acres of prime farmland.
Highway 413 destroys approximately 400 acres of protected Greenbelt land
Highway 413 cuts through numerous important woodlands, meadows, and 75 wetlands (including 28 provincially vital ones)
Highway 413 impacts 29 federal species already at risk, including Redside dace.
Water:
Highway 413’s route splits headway waters Humber River, Etobicoke Creek, and Credit River.
More pavement = more runoff: Rain can't soak into concrete, it flows into local water and raises salt levels.
This is expected to rise up to 49% in areas, making habitats with freshwater toxic to aquatic life
Surfacing/paving over important headways is predicted to cause higher downstream flooding during heavy rainstorms.
Highway 413 destroys more 65% of the last few habitats for the already endangered Redside dace fish in Canada
Air:
There will collective of 13 to 17 million tonnes of emissions from vehicles used of highway by 2050
It highers levels of major air pollutants from fuel combustion (Nitrogen Oxides and Black Carbon)
Predicted cause around $1 billion and $1.4 billion in cumulative damages (by 2050, there will be health issues related to air pollution)
What did Bohr Rutherford do?
Bohr Rutherford made the Rutherford-Bohr model of the atom.
Explain or draw out the classifying matter chart?
matter
pure substance mixture
element compound Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture
What are trusses, how do they help, and why are they strong?
Trusses are a bunch of triangles that are put together to support structures. They help by distributing heavy loads without needing support columns. They are strong because the triangle is very rigid and distributes weight evenly.