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What are the different processes that change one rock type into another type?
Heat & Pressure
Cooling
Melting
Weathering & Erosion
Compacting & Cementing
Explain what makes a mineral… a mineral.
Minerals are found in nature (not man-made).
A property is a characteristic of a mineral.
Minerals are solids with a definite volume and shape (not a liquid like water or a gas like air).
Minerals are inorganic (they have never been alive and are not made up from a plant or animal).
Minerals form in a crystal pattern.
Minerals have a definite chemical
composition and made of an element or combination of different elements.
They have an ordered atomic arrangement. This is why they “grow” as crystals.
What is a polyhedron and what are its three main features?
A Polyhedron is a solid in 3-dimensions. Faces, Edges and Vertices are it main features.
What was Thomas Edison’s early childhood like?
Thomas Alva Edison was a hyperactive child and prone to distraction. His teachers described him as “difficult.”
Name three sedimentary rocks.
Three types of sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone and rock salt.
Explain how The Rock Cycle works.
The Rock Cycle is a group of changes. Igneous rock can change into sedimentary rock or into metamorphic rock. Sedimentary rock can change into metamorphic rock or into igneous rock. Metamorphic rock can change into igneous or sedimentary rock.
What are the physical properties used to identify minerals?
Color - not the best way to identify; many minerals are the same color
Streak - color of mark (streak) when scraped on a white/black tile.
Hardness - can it be scratched using the Mohs Hardness Scale
Cleavage or Fracture - how the mineral breaks into pieces
Crystal Structure - unique arrangement of the atoms in a crystal
Opaque, Translucent, Transparent - does light show through it
Tenacity or Strength - resistance to breaking or bending
Magnetism - attracted to a magnet due to
electrons in the structure
Luster - the ability to reflect light
Odor - how does it smell
Taste - how does it taste (this test can be dangerous, if toxic)
Specific Gravity or Density - density of the mineral (how tightly packed together are the molecules: higher the number, the more packed are the molecules)
What is the scientific method, and why is it useful?
A problem-solving approach used by scientists to find answers that are logical and supported by evidence.The scientific method is useful so that scientists can repeat experiments and confirm results by other scientists.
What were Thomas Edison’s accomplishments and inventions?
He made a Printer and made the light better and a lot of other things.
What type of rock are fossils found in?
Fossils are found in sedimentary rocks.
Who is Dr. Adriana Ocampo?
Dr. Adriana Ocampo is a Planetary Geologist.
What is the Moh’s Hardness Scale, and how does it work?
The Mohs Hardness Scale is used as a convenient way to help identify minerals. A mineral's hardness is a measure of its relative resistance to scratching, measured by scratching the mineral against another substance of.
Describe each step of the scientific method. What is each step about? Or, what do you do for each step?
Objective: The objective is the question you are thinking about or trying to solve.
Research: Use books, encyclopedias and websites to find information about your topic. You can also interview people who are experts on your topic.
Hypothesis:The hypothesis is an educated guess about the objective or experiment before researching or testing. It should include an If ... then statement.
Experiment Materials: What you are using.
Experiment Procedures: How to make it.
Observations: What you noticed.
Data Analysis: What happenend in charts.
Conclusions: If your Hypothesis is right.
Reports Results: sharing ideas.
How are minerals different from rocks?
Minerals are different from rock because minerals are solids with crystal structures and made of an element or more than one element. However, rocks are made of two or more minerals.
How do igneous rocks form? Explain in detail.
Igneous rocks are formed when magma (molten rock deep within the Earth) cools and hardens. These are intrusive igneous rocks (created inside the Earth). Sometimes the magma erupts onto the surface from volcanoes (the magma is now called lava). When lava cools very quickly, no crystals form, and the rock looks shiny and glasslike. Sometimes gas bubbles are trapped in the rock during the cooling process, leaving tiny holes and spaces in the rock. These are extrusive igneous rocks (created outside the Earth).
What was Adriana’s childhood like, and what were her interests?
When Adriana Ocampo was a little girl, Adriana would go on the roof of her house and look at the stars and wonder how far they were away. She would make a "spacecraft" out of the pots and pans from her mother's kitchen. Then, she would dress her doll up as an astronaut, and have her dog, Taurus, be co-pilot.
What are the 5 criteria needed to be a mineral?
solid
2.naturally
3.inorganic
4.fixed Chemical formula.
5.Specific atomic arrangement.
For an experiment, you need an independent variable, dependent variable, and control variables. Explain what each of these are.
Independent Variable: In an experiment, it is the part that you change.
Dependent Variable: The dependent variable is the change that happens due to the independent variable.
Control Variables: The control variable are the parts of the experiment that you keep the same or constant.
What are the three types of rocks?
The three types of rocks are Metamorphic, Igneous and Sedimentary.
What is the difference between an extrusive igneous rock and an intrusive igneous rock?
Extrusive rocks are formed on the surface of the Earth from lava, which is magma that has emerged from underground. Intrusive rocks are formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust of the planet
what are dr. Adriana Ocampo accomplishments
Her research led to the discovery of the Chicxulub impact crater, the signature of a catastrophic meteor strike that likely wiped out the dinosaurs and many other species on Earth. Ocampo has led six research expeditions to that region.
How do crystals form?
A solid figure that is made up of an ordered and repeating pattern of geometric shapes is known as a crystal.
Crystals form when a liquid cools and hardens. During this crystallization process, molecules within the liquid pull together in a pattern.
A crystal lattice describes the arrangement of these atoms and molecules in a crystal.
The shape of a crystal is determined by the elements it is made of and its chemical bonds.
There are many shapes that can form in a crystal including rectangles, triangles, or squares.
Who was Thomas Edison?
Thomas Alva Edison was An American Inventor and Businessman
How do sedimentary rocks form? Explain in detail.
Sedimentary rocks are formed from particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of material.
Name three igneous rocks.
Three types of igneous rocks are basalt, andesite and obsidian.