rocks and minerals
What is a rock
made up of one or more minerals
What is erosion?
The movement of rocks and mineral grains from one place to another.
what do we call the supercontinent in the continental drift theory
Pangea
What happens to create mountains?
Tectonic plates that are moving can create heat and pressure
Plates can converge, diverge, or slide past each other
Explain the Principle of superposition.
In undisturbed layers of rock, the oldest layer is on the bottom and the youngest is on the top
what is a mineral
pure, naturally occurring, non-living crystalline materials
what is mechanical weathering
The physical break up or disintegration of rocks.
What does biological evidence mean?
Evidence from plants and animals
Sedimentary rocks that are put under slow, gradual pressure can either ____or_____
fold or fault
Explain Relative Dating
Scientists find the approximate age of a rock by seeing their position in the strata, and comparing it to rock ages they know.
what is Mohs hardness scale used for
Describes the “scratchability” of a mineral.
what are 3 examples of mechanical weathering
Gravity causing rocks to fall
Rocks rolling down a slope
In a fast moving stream, the rocks rub and bump
Define Seismograph
A special machine used to measure earthquakes.
What is the ring of fire?
An area of volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean
what is a mould?
An organism falls into mud
The mud turns into sedimentary rock
The organism dissolves and leaves a perfect cavity of its shape
What's the difference between fractures and cleavages?
a fracture is a rough break in a rock, and a cleavage is a smooth break
how do glaciers change the surface of the earth?
Erosion scrapes, piles of sediment left behind
what are Aftershocks
smaller earthquakes that can cause damaged buildings to collapse.
Define Syncline
The part of a folded mountain that arches downward
If we find a fossil in a layer of rock, it will help to determine the age of the rock.
What is the softest mineral?
Talc
How are chemical and biological weathering different?
Chemical weathering can be done by a living thing, or can be environmental (like acid rain)
Biological weathering is done by living things.
how is the Strike-Slip/ Transform Fault moving other rocks above it
To one side or the other- makes earthquakes when one side gets stuck and slips
what is the most active volcano
Kilauea in Hawaii
what are all types of fossils
Carbonaceous film, Original remains, and Trace fossils