Earth’s structure
What are the three main layers of the earth‘s structure?
The crust, the mantle, and the core
What are tectonic plates?
They are large pieces of the earth that causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions when shifted
What is an earthquake?
A sudden shaking of the earth surface by a release of energy along the fault line
What causes a tsunami?
A tsunami can be caused by an earthquake, an underwater earthquake, landslide, and volcano eruptions
What is a volcano?
A vent in the earth’s crust where magma rises to the surface and erupts as lava
What is the thickest layer of earth?
The mantle
What are the three main of plates boundaries?
Divergent boundaries, convergent boundaries, and transform boundaries
What causes earthquakes?
A movement of tectonic plates along the fault line
Why are tsunamis so dangerous?
Tsunamis are dangerous because they can create very large waves that can cause a great amount of damage
Where do most volcanoes form on earth?
Around the edges of the Ring of Fire
What state of matter is the earth’s inner core?
Solid
What plate boundary causes volcanos to form?
Convergent plates boundaries
Where do most earthquakes happen?
Around the Ring of Fire
Where do most tsunamis occur?
In the Pacific Ocean
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Magma is molten rock, and lava is the same molten rock once it reaches the surface during a volcanic eruption
What are the two types of crust?
Oceanic crust and continental crust
What evidence supports the theory of plate tectonics? (aka Pangea)
Similar fossils are found on different continents, and the patterns of earthquakes and volcanoes along plate boundaries
What waves do seismometers graph?
seismic waves
What is a warning sign of an approaching tsunami?
A sudden retreat of water from the shoreline
What are the three main types of volcanoes?
Cinder cone, shield, and composite volcanoes
Why is the earth’s magnetic field important?
It protects us from harmful solar radiation from the sun
What is a major landform created by divergent plate boundary?
A mid-ocean ridge
What damage can an earthquake do?
Structural damage, fire, landslide, and tsunamis
How tall can a tsunami be above sea level?
No more than 100 feet
What is a Composite volcano also known as?
A stratovolcano