Energy Transfer
What are the three main ways heat energy moves?
Conduction, Convection, Radiation
Who first observed and named "cells"?
Robert Hooke
What system provides support, protection, and allows movement?
Skeletal System
What are the 3 key structures found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
Plant cells have a strong cell wall (providing support), chloroplasts (for making food via photosynthesis), and usually a large, central vacuole (for storage and pressure) that animal cells lack.
What is the fundamental difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?
Sexual needs two parents, combining DNA for diverse offspring; asexual needs one parent, making identical offspring.
Any material that does not allow heat to pass through it easily is called _________________.
an insulator
What is the first main idea? (of the Cell Theory)
All living things are composed of one or more cells.
What system is responsible for gas exchange (oxygen in, carbon dioxide out)?
Respiratory System
What gives plant cells a fixed, boxy shape, while animal cells are often irregular or round?
the cell wall
When a bee pollinates a flower, it's a key step in sexual reproduction, transferring pollen (male gametes) to the stigma (female part) for ______________.
fertilization (key part of this type of reproduction)
What best describes the transfer of heat due to the movement of gases or liquids?
convection
What is the second main idea of the cell theory?
The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
Which system transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste throughout the body?
Circulatory System
Name 2 of 4 structures that are common to both plant and animal cells?
cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes
Give 2 examples of asexual reproduction processes.
Binary fission (amoeba), budding (yeast), fragmentation (starfish), runners (strawberries).
The transfer of thermal energy between things that are touching is called
conduction
What is the third main idea of the cell theory?
All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
What system controls and coordinates body functions, sending messages via nerves?
Nervous System
How do vacuoles differ between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells typically have one large central vacuole for storing water, nutrients, and waste, providing structural support; animal cells have smaller, temporary vacuoles, or none at all.
Why is speed and efficiency a major advantage of asexual reproduction?
one organism can quickly produce many offspring without needing a mate, ideal in stable conditions.
If a metal spoon and a wooden spoon are in the same hot soup, why does the metal spoon feel much hotter (or colder) to the touch?
Metals are good conductors, transferring heat (or cold) rapidly from your hand to the spoon (or soup), while wood is an insulator, slowing down that transfer.
What does unicellular mean?
An organism made of a single cell.
What system breaks down food to provide the body with energy and nutrients?
What is the main function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and capture sunlight, using its energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose (sugar) for the plant's food through the process of photosynthesis. (... to make food for the plant)
Why is genetic variation a major advantage of sexual reproduction?
helps populations adapt to changing environments and resist diseases.