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Mitosis - Anaphase
Third step of mitosis
Each chromosome is pulled apart by the spindle fibers
Both _________ and _______ have to do with water, but they are very different things.
How do they differ?
Diffusion, osmosis
Diffusion and osmosis differ because diffusion means the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density, whereas osmosis means the diffusion to water through semipermeable membrane.
How are active transport and passive transport different?
Active transport and passive transport are different because active transport is the movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy, whereas passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane w/out the use of energy by the cell.
What is active transport?
Moving molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, uses energy
Where does cellular respiration take place in animals?
Mitochondria
Mitosis - Telophase
Fourth step of Mitosis
Chromosomes start to unwind
Membranes form around the unwinding chromosomes
Spindle fibers break down
What are the definitions of Endocytosis and Exocytosis?
Endocytosis- when the cell membrane surrounds a particle and brings it into the cell
Exocytosis- when a particle is moving out of the cell, it’s put into a vesicle that comes to the surface of the cell, it then fuses with the cell membrane
How are Cellular Respiration and Fermentation different?
Cellular respiration and fermentation are different because cellular respiration is the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food, whereas fermentation is the breakdown of food w/out the use of oxygen.
What are the 3 steps of Endocytosis?
1. The cell comes into contact w/ the particle
2. The cell membrane begins to wrap around the particle
3. Once the particle is completely surrounded, a vesicle pinches off
Animal Equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2=Cellular Respiration=6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Sugar + Oxygen = Cellular Respiration = Carbon Dioxide + Water + Usable Energy
Cytokinesis is the division of the _________.
Cytoplasm
Plants use ______________ to make glucose.
Photosynthesis
What are the 2 things cells need to do?
1. Obtain energy and raw materials
2. Get rid of waste
What are the 3 steps of Exocytosis?
1. Large particles that must leave the cell are packaged into the vesicle
2. The vesicle travels to the cell membrane and fuses with it.
3. The cell releases the particle to the
What do you notice about the two equations?
They are opposites, plants take in what animals give out, and animals take in what plants give out.
3rd Stage - Cytokinesis
In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches together, dividing the cytoplasm.
All of the organelles are split between the two cells equally.
After cytokinesis is complete, both cells start the cell cycle again
During, ________ ___________ oxygen is used to break down food molecules releasing large amounts of energy.
Cellular Respiration
Do cells need energy for Diffusion?
No, they don’t need energy for diffusion because it happens within and between living cells.
What is Photosynthesis?
Plants turning sunlight into food.
Are our bodies constantly making cells?
Yes, it does it through a cycle
3rd Stage - Cytokinesis (cont.)
In plant cells, a structure called a cell plate forms across the middle of the cell.
The cell plate fuses with the cell membrane to divide the cell into two cells
How are Cytokinesis and Mitosis different?
Cytokinesis and mitosis are different because cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, whereas mitosis is in eukaryote cells, and is the process of cell division that forms two new nuclei.
What is passive transport?
Moving molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, doesn’t use energy
Plant equation
6CO2 + 6H2O = photosynthesis = C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon Dioxide + Water = photosynthesis = Glucose + Oxygen
What is a chromosome?
It hold our DNA