Hydrosphere1
What is the hydrosphere?
all the water on earth
What is the largest ocean on Earth?
The pacific ocean
What causes most evaporation on Earth?
sun
What is the atmosphere?
What do we call water vapour in the air?
humidity
What process changes liquid water into water vapour?
evaporation
What process happens when water falls from clouds to Earth?
The __________ point is the temperature at which water vapour begins to condense into liquid water. When the air cools to this temperature, tiny droplets of water may form on grass, leaves and cars.
About what percentage of Earth's surface is covered by water?
71%
Why do clouds form when warm air rises?
The air cools and water vapour condenses.
The atmosphere is made mostly of __________, which makes up about 78% of the air. The second most common gas is __________, which makes up about 21%.
nitrogen
oxygen
After absorbing water through their roots, plants release some of that water through tiny openings in their leaves. This process is known as __________ and adds __________ vapour to the atmosphere.
transpiration
water
The deeper you go in the ocean, the greater the __________ becomes because of the weight of the water above.
The deepest known part of the ocean is called the __________ __________. It is located in the Pacific Ocean and is about 11 kilometres deep.
pressure
the Mariana Trench
The atmosphere stays around Earth because of __________. This force pulls air molecules toward Earth and prevents them from escaping into __________.
gravity
space
Match each description to its ocean zone.
A. No sunlight reaches this zone.
B. Most ocean plants live in this zone.
C. This is the deepest ocean zone.
The hydrosphere includes water found in many places on Earth. Five examples of water sources are __________, __________, __________, __________, and __________.
Runoff occurs before precipitation in the water cycle.
(Runoff happens after precipitation.)
The atmosphere is made up of many gases that have weight. Because these gases have weight, they push down on Earth and create __________ pressure. The higher you go in the atmosphere, the __________ air there is above you, so air pressure __________.
Answers:
Altitude is the __________ of a place above sea level.
As altitude increases, what happens to air pressure?
height
It decreases.
Water from oceans, lakes, and rivers is heated by the __________ and changes into water vapour through a process called __________. As the water vapour rises, it cools and changes into tiny droplets through __________. These droplets form __________. When the droplets become too heavy, they fall to Earth as __________.
Answers: Sun, evaporation, condensation, clouds, precipitation
The ocean is divided into five main zones. From the surface to the deepest part, they are the __________ Zone, __________ Zone, __________ Zone, Abyss, and __________ Zone.
Answers: Sunlight, Twilight, Midnight, Trench
Although sunlight appears white, it is actually made up of #__________ different colours that can be seen in a rainbow.
When sunlight passes through water droplets, it separates into these colours:
7
red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet
Clouds form when warm, moist air rises into the atmosphere. As the air rises, it __________. The water vapour then __________ around tiny particles called __________ particles. Millions of tiny droplets collect together to form a __________.
Answers: cools, condenses, seed, cloud
A rainbow forms when sunlight enters tiny water droplets in the air. As the light enters the droplet, it bends. This bending of light is called ____________. The light then bounces off the inside of the droplet. This bouncing of light is called ____________. As the light leaves the droplet, it separates into different colours, creating a rainbow.
Answers: