6th Grade
Which atmospheric layer is the lowest one, touches Earth's surface, and is where virtually all clouds form?
The troposphere.
Name one example of a simple molecule and one example of an extended structure (lattice) from the study guide other than water or table salt.
Simple molecule: carbon dioxide (CO2) or ammonia (NH3). Extended structure: diamond, graphite, or a quartz crystal.
Which wave property is measured in Hertz?
Frequency.
This 6th grade atmospheric layer is home to the ozone layer, which absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation.
The stratosphere.
A "shooting star" is really a meteor burning up. In which atmospheric layer does this happen?
The mesosphere.
Name the atmospheric layer where space shuttles and the International Space Station orbit.
The thermosphere.
Complete the memory trick: "Molecules form small teams; Extended structures build ___."
Infinite grids.
A wave has a frequency of 6 Hz and a wavelength of 5 meters. What is its speed?
30 m/s (speed = frequency × wavelength = 6 × 5).
This 7th grade term describes living or nonliving things that restrict how large a population can grow. Name ONE biotic example and ONE abiotic example.
Biotic (any one): food supply, predator abundance, disease, competition for mates.
Abiotic (any one): water availability, space, climate/temperature, sunlight, soil nutrients.
In the 7th grade LEGO analogy, what does a single LEGO figurine represent?
A simple molecule a specific, separate, fixed set of pieces that doesn't change.
Using the memory trick "Low altitude = Heavy pressure, High altitude = Light pressure," what happens to air pressure as you climb higher?
Air pressure gets lighter it decreases as altitude increases.
Describe how particles behave differently in a liquid compared to a solid.
In a liquid, particles touch but can slide and roll past one another and take the shape of their container. In a solid, particles are packed tightly and only vibrate in place, keeping a fixed shape and volume.
Give the study guide's real-world example of wave transmission.
Sound passing through a glass window.
This 8th grade wave behavior happens when wave energy is absorbed into a material and turned into thermal energy. Name it and give an example.
Absorption for example, dark clothing absorbing sunlight, or foam panels absorbing sound.
Give one real-world example each of something that happens in the troposphere, the stratosphere, and the mesosphere, as described in the study guide.
Weather balloons float in the troposphere, passenger jets cruise in the lower stratosphere, and shooting stars burn out in the mesosphere.
What are producers also called, and how do they capture the energy that begins the flow of energy through an ecosystem?
Producers are also called autotrophs; they capture solar energy through photosynthesis.
According to Newton's Second Law, if an object's mass stays the same but the force applied to it increases, what happens to its acceleration?
The acceleration increases.
Using the memory trick "Sun powers UP, Cold packs TOGETHER, Gravity pulls DOWN," identify which water cycle stage each phrase represents, in order.
"Sun powers UP" = Evaporation. "Cold packs TOGETHER" = Condensation. "Gravity pulls DOWN" = Precipitation.
List, in order, the three consumer levels energy flows through after leaving the producers.
Primary Consumers (Herbivores), Secondary Consumers (Carnivores), and Tertiary Consumers (Apex Predators).
The phrase "forces always come in pairs" describes which of Newton's Laws, and what does it mean?
Newton's Third Law whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force back on the first.
The 7th grade unit describes energy being lost as heat at each step of a food chain. The 8th grade unit describes wave energy fading as it's absorbed by materials. What do both units have in common regarding energy?
In both cases, energy isn't created or destroyed it's transformed and often lost as heat as it moves through a system.
The study guide explains that tripling a wave's amplitude increases its energy by 9 times. If an ocean wave's original destructive force is rated at level 4, and its amplitude is tripled, what would the new destructive force level be?
36 (level 4 × 9, since tripling amplitude increases energy by a factor of 9).