States of Matter
This state of matter has a definite volume, but takes the shape of whatever container it is poured into.
These three subatomic particles make up the basic structure of an atom.
Protons, Neutrons and Electrons
This two-part mathematical formula is used to calculate the density of any substance.
Density = Mass รท Volume
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, while potential energy is this general type of energy.
Stored Energy
Scientifically, temperature measures the average amount of this type of energy possessed by the particles in a substance.
Kinetic/Thermal energy
In this state of matter, particles are tightly packed together and can only vibrate back and forth in place.
A Solid
This subatomic particle orbits outside the nucleus and carries a negative electrical charge.
Electrons
Pure liquid water has a density of 1.0g/mL. An object with a density of 0.85g/mL will do this when dropped in water.
It will Float
On a roller coaster track, the cart has its maximum gravitational potential energy at this exact location.
At the very top of the highest hill
During our "Save the Ice Cube" challenge, wrapping the outside of the container in shiny aluminum foil primarily blocked this specific method of heat transfer.
Radiation
In this state of matter particles have no set volume or shape, they fly around taking up all available space.
This organized chart arranges all known chemical elements by their atomic number and chemical properties.
Periodic Table
In our 5-layer density column, this dense, viscous liquid settled all the way at the very bottom layer.
Honey
This fundamental scientific law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
The law of conservation of energy
In our ice cube experiment, fluffy cotton and bubble wrap worked well as insulators because they trapped pockets of this poor heat conductor.
Air
This superheated state of matter occurs when gas particles become ionized and electrons are stripped away; it makes up lightning and stars.
Plasma
An element's atomic number is determined entirely by the number of these positively charged particles in its nucleus.
Protons
If you take an 80-gram block of solid pine wood and saw it exactly in half, this is what happens to the density of each half.
When an archer pulls back a flexible bowstring and releases an arrow, what form of potential energy converts into what form of kinetic energy?
Elastic potential --> mechanical
Complete the golden rule of thermal transfer: Thermal energy always flows naturally from areas of ______ temperatures to areas of ______ temperatures.
Hotter/Higher to colder/lower
When heat is added to a liquid or gas, particles move faster and spread farther apart, causing this physical expansion to occur.
Thermal Expansion
When two or more different kinds of elements chemically bond together in fixed ratios (like H2O or CO2), they form this.
A Molecule
A solid metal cube with a mass of 60g is lowered into a graduated cylinder filled with 40mL of water. The water level rises to 60mL. Calculate the exact density of the metal cube.
D = M/V
D = 60 / 60-40 = 60 /20
D = 3 g/mL
In our toy car ramp experiment, Car A has a mass of 50g and is placed at the top of a 20cm ramp. Car B has a mass of 100g and is placed at the top of the exact same ramp. Which car possesses more kinetic energy the instant it reaches the bottom of the ramp, and why?
Car B as it has more mass
When warm fluid expands, becomes less dense, rises, cools down, and sinks again, it creates this continuous circulating loop.