Energy and Motion
Energy Transfer and Transformation
Energy in Collisions
Energy Resources
Waves and Information Transfer
100
Claire is skating across a frozen pond.
Which of these would cause Claire's energy of motion to increase?
A. decreasing her speed
B. increasing her speed
C. removing her skates
D. changing her direction
B. Increasing her speed
100
George is playing his electric keyboard, and his friend Tonya can hear the song he is playing.
Which statement describes the flow of energy through the keyboard as George plays?
A. Electrical energy changes into sound energy.
B. Sound energy changes into electrical energy.
C. Light energy changes into electrical energy.
D. Heat energy changes into sound energy.
A. Electrical energy changes into sound energy.
100
Felicia accidentally let go of a shopping cart full of groceries in a parking lot. The cart rolled down a hill until it hit a truck. The cart made a dent on the side of the truck.
How would the cart have made a smaller (less deep) dent?
A. if the cart had been moving at a slower speed
B. if the cart had been moving down a steeper hill
C. if the cart had more kinetic energy
D. if the cart had contained heavier groceries
A. if the cart had been moving at a slower speed
100
Which of these cause air pollution?
A. gasoline-burning engines
B. manufacturing plants
C. coal-burning power plants
D. all of these
D. all of these
100
Michelle and Jasmine are each holding one end of a large wire spring.
How could they best use the wire spring to model a wave?
A. Jasmine could move her end of the spring up and down.
B. Jasmine could hold her end of the spring up in the air.
C. Jasmine could slowly pull her end of the spring toward the ground.
D. Jasmine could stretch the spring as she pulls it away from Michelle.
A. Jasmine could move her end of the spring up and down.
200
Two coyotes that are the same weight are running across the snow.
Which of these is true?
A. The coyote that is in front definitely has more energy of motion.
B. The coyote that is running the fastest has the most energy of motion.
C. The coyotes have the same energy of motion, even if they are running at different speeds.
D. The coyote that is running the slowest has the most energy of motion.
B. The coyote that is running the fastest has the most energy of motion.
200
Wayne and his family are designing a passive solar heater to keep their barn warm in the winter. A passive solar heater converts light energy into heat energy. What is the most important information for Wayne and his family to consider in their design?
A. the amount of sound created by the energy conversion
B. the location of the Sun in the winter
C. the location of the electrical outlets in the barn
D. the amount of energy stored in the Sun
B. the location of the Sun in the winter
200
Lee swung a mallet as hard as she could and struck a gong.
After being hit, the gong barely moved. Where else could the energy of the moving mallet have gone?
A. into the gong as heat
B. into the air as sound
C. into the air as heat
D. all of these
D. all of these
200
Humans can convert sources of energy into electricity in many different ways. These ways include using coal-burning power plants, hydroelectric dams, and windmills.
What is the same about all three of these?
A. They all use wind energy.
B. They all use renewable energy sources.
C. They all produce air pollution.
D. They all use natural resources.
D. They all use natural resources.
200
Brandice jumps into a pool. The energy from her hitting the water travels away from her through waves. The waves then reach a beach ball, which is on the other side of the pool.
The beach ball will
A. move toward Brandice.
B. sink under the water.
C. spin.
D. bob up and down.
D. bob up and down.
300
Waylon built two tracks for his car. The tracks had different slopes. The picture below shows the two tracks. The red lines on the tracks show how far the car traveled.
Why did Waylon's car go farther after traveling down slope 2?
A. The car had more speed and energy at the bottom of slope 2.
B. The car had less speed and energy at the bottom of slope 2.
C. The car had less speed but more energy at the bottom of slope 2.
D. The car had more speed but less energy at the bottom of slope 2.
A. The car had more speed and energy at the bottom of slope 2.
300
Sean loves riding his bicycle, but his parents won't let him ride it in the evenings. They say it's dangerous because drivers can't see him from very far away.
Sean used the engineering design process to solve this problem. He made a simple circuit with two lights, a battery, and a switch. He attached one light to the front of his bicycle and the other to the back.
Sean's friend Dean agreed to help him test his bicycle lights to see if they meet the criteria for success.
What should Sean and Dean measure?
A. how far the bicycle can be ridden
B. how long the battery lasts
C. how far away the bicycle can be seen
D. how long the light bulbs last
C. how far away the bicycle can be seen
300
A bird flew and landed on its swing. When the bird "hit" the swing, the swing began to move back and forth.
What happened when the bird landed on the swing?
A. The swing's energy and the bird's energy each stayed the same.
B. Energy was transferred from the air to the swing.
C. The swing and the bird gained energy.
D. Some of the bird's energy was transferred to the swing.
D. Some of the bird's energy was transferred to the swing.
300
The picture shows a power plant that uses nuclear energy.
Nuclear energy is made by using a material that is mined from the Earth. This material cannot be made by humans, and there is a limited amount of it on Earth.
Nuclear power plants are sometimes used instead of coal-burning plants because nuclear power plants create almost no air pollution. But they do produce wastes that can be dangerous and hard to get rid of.
Based on this information, which of these is true?
A. Nuclear energy is nonrenewable.
B. Nuclear energy is renewable.
C. There are no benefits to using nuclear energy.
D. There are no risks to using nuclear energy.
A. Nuclear energy is nonrenewable
300
Cross-stitch is a kind of art. The area where the art is made is a grid of little squares. The artist makes a cross-stitch pattern by sewing small crosses in some squares while leaving other squares blank.
Carlita just finished her very first piece of cross-stitching. It is shown below.
Carlita called her best friend, Susan, to tell her about it. Susan wants to make a cross-stitch just like Carlita's, so she asks for a picture of it. The camera on Carlita's phone is broken.
How can Carlita tell Susan which squares should have crosses on them quickly, exactly, and clearly?
A. Carlita could e-mail Susan a long number for each row with zeroes for blanks and ones for crosses.
B. Carlita could describe to Susan the color that she used and how to make a well-shaped cross.
C. Carlita could send Susan a text message that tells her what supplies were used and how much they cost.
D. Carlita could tell Susan what the cross-stitch says and how much thread she used
A. Carlita could e-mail Susan a long number for each row with zeroes for blanks and ones for crosses.
400
Dana's car breaks down on a flat road.
She has to move the car back to a service station. Dana pushes the car, and it moves slowly at first. The car moves faster as Dana pushes harder.
What happens to the energy of the car as it moves faster?
A. There is no relationship between the energy of the car and its speed.
B. The energy of the car decreases as its speed increases.
C. The energy of the car increases as its speed increases.
D. The energy of the car remains the same as its speed increases.
C. The energy of the car increases as its speed increases.
400
Edmond wants to construct a simple solar oven that he can use to warm a snack. A solar oven is used to transform energy from the Sun into heat energy to warm food. The picture shows a solar oven.
Edmond came up with the four design ideas listed below.
- design W: Push paper clips halfway into the snack. Then, point the tops of the paper clips toward the sun.
- design X: Put a cup of water in a sunny place. After the water has warmed, lay the snack on top of the cup.
- design Y: Wrap a box and its lid in shiny foil. Place the snack in the box and use the lid to point sunlight at the snack.
- design Z: Place the snack in a plastic bag. Then, set the snack in a sunny place and cover it with a lot of large leaves.
Which design idea works most like a solar oven?
A. design W
B. design Y
C. design Z
D. design X
B. design Y
400
What happens when objects collide?
A. The energy and motion of the objects are conserved.
B. Motion is transferred between the objects.
C. Energy is transferred between the objects, changing their motion.
D. The motion of the objects is conserved, changing their energy.
C. Energy is transferred between the objects, changing their motion
400
Surface mining is a process in which many large machines are used to remove soil and rock from a piece of land. The information below describes a type of surface mining called mountaintop removal.
Mountaintop removal has affected mountain areas. In this type of coal mining, the tops of mountains are removed using explosives so the coal under the mountain can be removed. The coal is used for energy by people. However, this method changes the land area.
When mountain top removal is used, streams are sometimes filled with the rock and dirt that was once the mountaintop. These streams may also be polluted during the coal mining which makes the water toxic to living organisms.
When the land is removed, many of the trees are removed and grasses are planted in their place. As more mountains are mined, more forest area and the species living there are impacted.
Passage modified courtesy of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Image courtesy of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
How would this kind of surface mining affect the plants and animals that live in the mining area?
A. They would not be affected in any way.
B. They would use some of the minerals for growth.
C. They would start living underground.
D. They would no longer be able to live there.
D. They would no longer be able to live there.
400
A buoy is floating in the deep ocean. It is not connected to the floor of the ocean.
When a wave passes, the buoy moves up and down. It does not move closer to the coast or farther away from it.
Based on how the buoy moves, which of these is true?
A. Deep ocean waves cause water to move in the direction of the wave.
B. Deep ocean waves cause water to move away from the coast.
C. Deep ocean waves cause water to move toward the coast
D. Deep ocean waves cause water to move up and down.
D. Deep ocean waves cause water to move up and down.
500
The picture below captures the speed of four airplanes as they fly through the sky.
The airplanes have the same mass and are at the same height above the ground. Which airplane has the most energy?
A. airplane Z because it is behind the other planes
B. airplane X because it is traveling the fastest
C. airplane Y because it is the closest to the Sun
D. airplane W because it is in the front of the pack
B. airplane X because it is traveling the fastest
500
(More than one answer)
Lola placed a flask of room-temperature water over a flame. When the water started to boil, she placed a room-temperature copper rod into the flask.
During the experiment, Lola wrote the four notes shown below in her lab journal. Which notes are observations supporting the idea that energy can be transferred from one place to another?
A. It was harder to see through the water when it was boiling.
B. After five minutes in the flask, the end of the copper rod was hot to the touch.
C. The flask containing the boiling water was made of glass.
D. The temperature of the water went up when it was over the flame.
B. After five minutes in the flask, the end of the copper rod was hot to the touch.
D. The temperature of the water went up when it was over the flame.
500
Jamal has two identical metal cans. He lifts his foot in the air and slowly brings it down on one of the metal cans. After Jamal lifts his foot back into the air, the metal can is bent in the middle.
Jamal is going to use his foot in the same way on the second metal can. What will most likely happen if Jamal moves his foot faster as he brings it down on the second metal can?
A. The second metal can will become less bent than the first metal can.
B. The second metal can will become shaped like the top of Jamal's foot.
C. The second metal can will not have any changes to its shape.
D. The second metal can will become more bent than the first metal can
D. The second metal can will become more bent than the first metal can
500
The picture shows solar panels on the roof of a building.
Image courtesy of the Department of Energy
The solar panels convert energy from the Sun into electricity. The energy made by the solar panels can be used instead of burning fossil fuels.
Which of these is a benefit of using solar panels?
A. Solar panels create much less air pollution than fossil fuels.
B. Solar panels only work during the day when the Sun is shining.
C. Solar panels can be very expensive to install.
D. Solar panels use a nonrenewable energy source.
A. Solar panels create much less air pollution than fossil fuels.
500
Every _______ signal is made up of ones and zeroes.
A. coded
B. digitized
C. electronic
D. text
B. digitized