Vocab
When the rate of forward reaction = backward
equilibrium
A reactant that donates H+ in a reaction
acid
Suppose 2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O, if you have 5 moles of H2 and 2 moles of O2, which is the limiting reactant?
O2
What is the oxidation number of oxygen?
-2
These reactions involve a net absorption of heat
endothermic
This type of reaction involves one atom moving into a compound and another moving out:
AB + C --> AC + B
single replacement reaction
This type of reaction involves the combining of two or more reactants to form a product:
A + B --> C
synthesis
The concentration of H3O+ is 10-6 M, calculate the pH
6
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
all natural processes increase the amount of entropy in the universe
A salt is considered basic if the anion reacts with water to form what compound?
OH-
In a precipitation reaction, the ions that do not form precipitate but remain in the solution instead
spectator ions
Substances that can be added to reactions to lower the activation energy and speed up the reactions
catalysts
Suppose A, B, C are ions in solutions. Calculate the equilibrium constant for 2A + 3B --> 4C if [A] = 2, [B] = 1, and [C] = 1
(wildly unrealistic numbers for the sake of practice don't kill me lol <-- extra credit if you can say why?)
1/4
Acid-base reactions are what type of reaction?
double replacement
In a galvanic electrochemical cell, where does reduction occur?
cathode
A thermodynamic quantity (H) that measures the heat content under constant pressure
enthalpy
The electrical potential energy difference between two electrodes
voltage, cell potential
If E0 = 1.1 volts and the concentration of product and reactant are equal, what is cell potential?
1.1 volts
What happens in an oxidation-reduction reaction?
transfer of electron from one molecule to another
Why does increasing temperature, surface area, and concentration increase rate of reaction?
more collisions
A chemical formula that provides the lowest mole ratio of atoms to each other
(ex. CH instead of C2H2)
empirical formula
The heat released or absorbed by a substance when it changes its phase without changing its temperature
latent heat
If C + O2 → CO2, ∆H = –393 kJ/mol, and CO+ 1⁄2 O2 → CO2, ∆H = –283 kJ/mol, what is the enthalpy of formation for CO?
-110 kJ/mol
What is the net ionic equation for 2AgNO3(aq) + Na2S(aq) --> 2NaNO3(aq) + Ag2S(s)
(will accept if no oxidation numbers)
2Ag+(aq) + S2-(aq) --> Ag2S(s)
Describe how electroplating works
positive ions in solution reduced --> "settle" around wire