All About Plants
Light and Sound
Geology
Investigations and Matter
Living Things
100
Explain the difference between vascular and nonvascular plants and provide 2 examples of each.
Vasular plants have tubes in the stem to transport nutrients and water and nonvasular plant absorb water from their surface like a sponge because they don't have tubes. Vascular plants have roots, stems, and leaves while nonvascular plants do not. EX: V- trees, grass, flowering plants NV- moss, lichens, liverworts
100
Why do we hear thunder before seeing lightning?
Sound waves travel faster than light waves.
100
How are mountain ranges and ocean trenches formed? Explain why this happens.
Convergent boundaries cause ocean trenches and mountain ranges because the pressure from land pushing together causes the movement upward for a mountain and downward for a trench.
100
Sally wants to know the capacity of her fishtank. Which unit of measure should she use to find this information? A) milliliter B) kilogram C) meter D) liter Explain why your choice is the best unit of measure.
D) Liter because the only other volume (capacity) unit of measure choice is milliliter and that unit is too small to be an efficient measure for a fish tank.
100
What begins all food chains/webs?
the sun
200
How are plants able to survive during the winter?
The go into a state of dormancy (like hibernation in animals) and reemerge when conditions are ideal for growth.
200
What allows our eyes to see different colors?
The different wavelengths appear to us as different colors.
200
What is the difference between the hardness of a rock and the luster of a rock?
Luster causes a shiny appearance on a rock because it is how much a rock's surface reflects light and hardness is the measure of how easily the surface of a moneral can be scratched.
200
Sally is conducting an experiment to find out which brand of sandwich bread remains without mold the longest. Identify the following: 1) Independent Variable 2) Dependent Variable 3) 2 constants
1) IV: different brands of bread 2) DV: how long it takes for mold to develop 3) temperature where bread is stored, type of bread, humidity where bread is stored, amount of light/darkness where bread is stored
200
1) What is the difference between an ecosystem and a habitat? 2) What is the difference between a population and a community?
1) An ecosystem includes all living and non-living things that interact with an organism in an area and a habitat is the one place within the ecosystem that an organism lives. 2) A population describes all of the SAME organisms in the same place and a community describes ALL of the living organisms in an area.
300
Describe the relationship between plants and animals that is necessary for both to survive.
During respiration, animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. Plants "breathe in" carbon dioxide and "breathe out" oxygen. Without each other, plants and animals would not be able to survive because the necessary carbon dioxide and oxygen would be missing from the atmosphere.
300
Explain why sound waves travel fastest through solids, slower through liquids, and the slowest through the atmosphere.
Solid - atoms are tightly packed so they don't have to travel to pass through solid atoms. They are squished together Liquid - slower because atoms are spaced farther apart so it takes longer for the sound to travel to the liquid atoms Gas - slowest because atoms are spread far apart so sound waves have even further to travel to reach other gas atoms
300
What is a divergent boundary and what 2 things might it cause?
When plates move apart or away from each other and divergent boundaries cause volcanoes to erupt and mid-ocean ridges
300
Mary sees 3 of her friends in the hair salon. Amy is sitting in the chair with long, wet hair and the other two girls are at the counter, each purchasing a shampoo bottle that costs $11.99. The girls at the counter are whispering to each other and Amy has tears in her eyes. Mary walks in and talks to her friend getting the haircut because she wants to know why she's upset. Identify 3 qualitative observations, 3 quantitative observations, and 2 conclusions made.
1) Qualitative: wet hair, long hair, girls whispering, Amy crying 2) Quantitative: bottle of shampoo is $11.99, 3 girls in salon, 2 girls at counter, one girl in chair 3) Amy is upset, Amy is getting a haircut
300
How are a caterpillar and a butterfly the same organism when they look so different? What is the scientific name for this process?
A caterpillar is actually the larva stage of the butterfly life cycle. The difference in their appearance is from one stage to the next is due to metamorphosis.
400
Identify the parts of a flowering plant and explain the function of each.
Stamen - male reproductive part with an anther that produces pollen sepal - protects and supports the bud of the flower roots - absorb nutrients from the ground and anchors the plant stem - transport water and nutrients to other parts of the plant leaves - gathers energy (where photosynthesis takes place) petals - attract pollinators pistil - female reproductive part of the plant where pollen is collected ovules - become seeds ovary - becomes the fruit
400
Why does a pencil appear to be bent or broken when placed in a glass of water and why does this occur?
Because of refraction which means the light waves do not travel in a straight path, causing a bent appearance
400
What is the difference between weathering and erosion and give atleast 2 examples of each.
Weathering refers to the breaking down of rock into sediments over many years due to weather conditions such as freezing, thawing, sunlight, and precipitation. Erosion is the movement of sediments into new areas due to winds and water runoff.
400
Explain the difference between an element and a compound and give one example of each.
Element - all atoms are the same/alike and are foind in nature (ex. gold, iron, nickel, oxygen, carbon, etc.) Compound - atoms ar enot all alike because a compund is 2 or more elements that are combined to make a new substance (ex. H20 water, NaCl table salt, CO2 carbon dioxide, etc)
400
What 3 plant parts play the most significant role in pollination and why?
anther (stamen) because it produces pollen Stigma (pistil) because it collects pollen petals because they attract pollinators which carry pollen to other flowers
500
Explain the 3 differences between plant and animal cells and why these differences are necessary.
chloroplasts in plant cells only - needed for photosynthesis; animals can seek out food and plants can't cell wall in plant cell only - cell wall provides extra support and protection and allow plants to remain upright plants have one large vacuole instead many small ones - plants need to be able to store more water and nutrients since they are dependent on weather conditions. Animals can seek out more food and water when they need it unlike plants plant cells are rectangular (because of the cell wall) and animal cells are round or irregular shaped
500
Why are people sometimes told to wear lighter colored clothing on a hot day instead of dark colored clothing?
Darker colors absorb more light, which produces heat, than lighter colors so wearer lighter colors won't make someone feel as hot.
500
Explain how the Earth's layers are similar to a hard boiled egg.
1) Crust and egg shell are on the outside and are both very thin 2) Mantle and egg white are next layer and are both the thickest part. Also the mantle and egg white are semi-solids (squishy) 3) Outer core and yolk sac are both the third layers and are thin. 4) Inner core and egg yolk are a "ball" in the center and are thick.
500
1) Brian boiled 4 cups of water. After 10 minutes, he turned the stove off and allowed the water to cool. He noticed he only had 3 cups of water. Explain how this is possible. 2) Mark took his glass of ice water outside and after a few minutes he noticed his glass was wet. What is this called and why does it happen?
1) boilng water produces steam (gas) which evaporated from the pot, causing less water in the pot 2) condensation occurs because the temperature inside the glass was colder than temperature outside of the glass
500
1) What is the difference between a structural adaptation and a behavioral adaptation? 2) Give 2 examples of each type of adaptation. 3) How do adaptations help living things?
1) A structural adaptation is a physical change in a organism and a behavioral adaptation is a change in what the organism does. 2) Structural - camouflage, mimicry, keen eyesight, sharp teeth Behavioral - migration, hibernation 3) Adaptations help an organism survive
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