Biology
Often sensationalized on the internet through various means, extreme food is not uncommon. A particular type of extreme food even has its own show in which celebrities eat it. The intensity even has its own rating system. For 100, What does the Scoville Unit Scale measure?
The pungency (heat) of peppers. *
The human body is made up of many different substances, with water being one of the most prevalent as it makes up 50% to 60% of our body weight. In fact water is often deemed as essential for life to develop on Earth. For 100, what is the chemical formula for water, and what does it mean?
H2O, Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. *
Mammals are classified as being warm blooded vertebrates that have hair or fur, as well as mammary glands to produce milk. They are generally thought of having live birth to fully developed offspring, as placental mammals do. However monotremes and marsupials do not. For 100, which two mammals lay eggs?
The Echidna and the Platypus. *
Many planets in our solar system have natural satellites known as moons. Mars is named after the Roman name of the greek god Ares, as are its two moons, with one's name meaning fear and the other meaning panic or despair. For 100, what are the names of Mars' moons?
Phobos and Deimos. *
Rocks are split into three categories, based on how they were formed. Some via sedimentation and impaction, some via intense heat and pressure, and some via cooled magma. Marble is created from primarily either limestone or dolomite. For 100, what type of rock is marble?
Metamorphic Rock. *
Dinosaurs ruled the earth for roughly 165 to 180 million years, spanning through the Mesozoic, Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods. The major groups were Theropods, Sauropods, and Ornithopods. They went generally all went extinct about 66 million years ago, after what is believed to have been an asteroid strike that triggered major climate collapse. However, some dinosaurs survived extinction. For 200, what do we call the group of animals the evolved from the surviving dinosaurs?
Birds. *
Diamonds are made of entirely carbon and this substance is as well, however diamonds are a tetrahedral shape and this substance forms parallel hexagonal stacks. For 200, what common everyday writing material is commonly mistakenly called lead?
Graphite. *
There is unfortunately a long list of animals that have gone extinct in recent history, many of which due to contact with humans. This particular animal officially went extinct in 1936, with its last known individual being known as Benjamin, as he died from neglect in the zoo where he was being kept. The death of this species led to the creation of national threatened species day in Australia. Recently, a taxidermied specimen has been found which had googly eyes on it. For 200, what is the name of the now extinct carnivorous marsupial that was characterized by transverse stripes along its back?
The Thylacine, or Tasmanian Tiger, or Tasmanian Wolf. *
You can see about 2,000 to 2,500 stars with the naked eye at one time on a clear, dark night. You may notice that one appears brighter than the others. This star is 8.6 light-years away in the constellation Canis Major, and has a name coming from a Greek word meaning glowing or scorching. For 200, what star is also known as the Dog Star.
Sirius. *
We have a lot of these in Florida. Often drilled into for access to water, and subsequently causing voids which later collapse. For 200, what is the word for an underground layer of liquid bearing rock ?
An Aquifer. *
The vascular system of plants is made up of multiple parts that have different functions, including transport, structural support, and hormone communication. For 300, What is the hollow woody tissue in plants that carries water and minerals from the roots to throughout the entire plant?
The Xylem. *
The periodic table contains 118 known chemical of increasing atomic number. It is sorted into 7 horizontal rows, called periods, and 18 vertical columns, called groups. Key categories include metals, non-metals, and metalloids. For 300, which chemical element has the symbol Au?
Gold (fun fact "Au" comes from the Latin word for gold, aurum.) *
Many fossils have been misconstructed and misidentified throughout the years of paleontology. A fossilized skeleton was discovered in 1663 in Germany and subsequently thought to belong to a mythical creature. The animal it came from weighed up to 4 tons. For 300, what animal was misidentified as the Magdeburg Unicorn.
The Woolly Rhinoceros, or Elasmotherium Sibiricum. *
First described by a physicist in 1842, it occurs with all types of waves, including sound, light, and water waves. For 300, what is the apparent change in a wave's frequency or wavelength when the source of the wave and the observer are moving relative to each other called?
The Doppler Effect. *
Crater Lake, Yellowstone, and the California Long Valley all have examples of this specific geological feature. This feature has often has boiling water on top and magma contained underneath. For 300, What geological feature forms a cauldron-like depression after a collapse of land following a volcanic eruption?
A Caldera.
The biological taxonomic hierarchy of organisms classifies all living things into eight major nested ranks from the broadest, most inclusive category down to the most specific. This kingdom is in the domain Eukarya, thus contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles, however mostly exists a unicellular entities though some form structures, such as giant kelp. For 400, Diatoms, Amoebae, and Dinoflagellates are examples of what classification of organisms?
Protists, or the kingdom Protista. *
Many substances have unique reactions when they come into contact with extreme heat. Some, like Sodium, Potassium, and Lithium, outright explode. This particular metal however has a relatively safe and entertaining reaction. For 400, with an atomic number of 29, what metal turns fire green when it comes into contact?
Copper. *
DAILY DOUBLE
The order Hymenoptera contains bees, wasps, and ants. Ants belong to the family Formicidae, and within this family are around 300 described genera both living and fossilized. This genus is notorious, as they are invasive to the United States, as well for their sting often causing an intense burning pain. For 400, what genus to fire ants belong to?
The genus Solenopsis. *
This Paradox was named after a physicist who famously asked, "Where is Everyone?". This was asked in the context of the vastness of space. This Paradox has answers that include; The Great Filter, The Dark Forest, and The Rare Earth hypotheses. For 400, what is the name of the Paradox that deals with the apparent lack of other life in the universe?
The Fermi Paradox. *
Every geological time period has its own individual name. During this period large coal deposits formed, giving it a name deriving from the Latin word for "coal-bearing", and it often characterized by giant bugs and rainforests. For 400, which geological time period began 358.9 million years ago?
The Carboniferous. *
Mycology is the study of fungi. Mushrooms in specific include the Pileus, the Lamellae, the Stipe, the Spores, and the Mycelium. Mycelium is the part of a fungus that stays underground and actually makes up the main body of the fungus, consisting of fine white filaments which grow apically. For 500, what is the complex interwoven mass of threads that makes up the mycelium known as in mycology?
The Hyphae. *
The Nobel prize was established in 1896 after the passing of Alfred Nobel, with his estate going towards the funding of it. This individual was a Dutch chemist, who discovered the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions. For 500, in 1901, who won the very first nobel prize in chemistry?
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff.
The common garden snail, Cornu Aspersum, is a small terrestrial mollusk. They posses a foot for movement, a pair of tentacles for vision, a pair of tentacles for smelling, and a tongue to ras plant matter. For 500, containing around 20,000 tiny teeth, what is the ribbon-like tongue of a snail called?
A Radula. *
Fred Hoyle predicted this in 1954 via anthropic reasoning, realizing that without it, stellar nucleosynthesis would fail to produce meaningful amounts of carbon.The abundance of carbon and oxygen in the universe relies heavily on a specific excited energy state in the carbon-12 nucleus that allows the triple-alpha process to proceed efficiently at stellar core temperatures. For 500, what is this nuclear resonance state called?
The Hoyle state
This geological site is found here in Gainesville. The state park was established in 1974 when Florida purchased this site, however the main entrance was built during the Great Depression by the CCC and WPA. The sinkhole that makes up the main attraction is 120 feet deep and 500 feet wide at the top, and is home to a wealth of both fossils and archeological artifacts. For 500, what geological site gets its name from its giant funnel shape and the folklore surrounding the bones found at the bottom?
The Devil's Millhopper. *