Patterns in Reproduction
Done by one individual. Can establish a new location, 100% of DNA passed down, but evolution moves slowly and can't adapt as easily.
asexual reproduction
used when the body makes four not identical new cells
meiosis
starts right after interphase is done. The cell's nucleus divides, and one set of DNA is distributed to each
mitosis
the last part of mitosis. in animals, the cell membrane squeezes together, and the cytoplasm pinches into two cells. in plants, the cell plate forms and a nucleus is formed to 2 daughter cells
cytokinesis
produce flowers and fruits that have a seed. Ex: flowers, fruits, apple trees
angiosperms
incomplete dominance
an egg cell hold XX chromosomes and a sperm cell holds XX chromosomes, so each of the offspring cells hold XX chromosomes
23, 23, 46
the phase in which the DNA condenses to chromosomes
prophase
new plants growing from the roots, leaves, or stems if a parent is an example of
asexual reproduction in plants
needle-like leaves and deep roots. exL trees, pines, redwoods, firs, cedars. Seeds are unprotected, so female must protect
gymnosperms
different genes expressed together. also, there are traits being controlled by many genes. Ex. height of parents can result in child being any height
polygenic inheritance
used when the body wants to make two identical new cells
mitosis
the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
metaphase
methods plants use for seed dispersal
animals eat fruit and ends up in droppings. seeds fall in water, move through wind, or attach to fur
male - life cycle begins when pollen forms in the ___ found at the end of a stamen. female - in the ___, which has 3 parts, stigma, style, and ovary
flower anthers; pistil
Done by two individuals. Will be genetic variation in the offspring, can adapt better overall, but genes are diluted and only 50% of genes pass down.
sexual reproduction
mitosis is important because it
heals and repairs broken or cut cells
the chromosomes are pulled apart with fibers
these things help pollinate angiosperms
Wind, pollinators, bees, hummingbirds
results in both alleles being expressed at the same time. Ex: white flower and a red flower being expressed at the same time in the offspring
co-dominance
During this process, the cell divides multiple times for a total of __ daughter cells
4
the chromatids are pulled to opposite ends and nucleuses form around them and two new cells are formed
telephase
1. male collects pollen (gametophytes) and sperm and egg come together. 2. egg fertilizes. 3. develops sporophyte. 4. seed germanates. 5. flower grows
angiosperm life cycle