Breaking Down
Rivers and River Valleys
Coastlines
Sudden Changes
True or False?
100
What is the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces?
weathering
100
What is the bed over which a river flows?
channel
100
What is the deposit of sand along a shore called?
a beach
100
What is a mostly dry mass of rock and soil that moves downhill suddenly?
landslide
100
Waterfalls form where rivers flow upstream.
false; waterfalls form where rivers flow downstream
200
What are particles of rock, like sand and silt, called?
sediments
200
What do you call the steepness of a slope?
gradient
200
What is a rocky point of land that extends out into the sea?
headland
200
What is the sudden downhill movement of a mass of soil soaked with water?
mudslide
200
A low area between highlands is called a valley.
true
300
What is the movement of broken-down rock from one place to another?
erosion
300
What is a wide curve in an old river called?
meander
300
What is one formation that can result from the weathering and erosion of a headland?
sea stack; sea arch; sea stump; sea cave
300
Sudden changes can affect _______, or the places where plants, animals, and people live.
habitat
300
The hilly land near a river is called a flood plain.
false; the low, flat land in a river valley is a flood plain
400
What is the physical breaking apart of rock called?
mechanical weathering
400
What are the desert streams that only flow at times of heavy rainfall called?
arroyo
400
What is a structure that is built parallel to shore that protects the area near the shore from erosion?
breakwater
400
What byproduct of a volcanic eruption can enrich the soil with minerals that help plants grow?
ash and/or lava
400
Deposition is the dropping of sediments by a river where it flows fastest.
false; deposition occurs where rivers slow down
500
What are the sheets of moving ice that can cause erosion?
glaciers
500
What is the mound of soil deposited by the side of a river's channel called? (can be natural or man-made)
levee
500
What is a spit that extends across a bay called?
baymouth bar
500
What is the movement of rock and soil downhill as a direct result of gravity?
mass wasting
500
Rock formations shaped by the wind are called ventifacts.
true
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