1A-E
What are minerals?
2) Inorganic
3)Crystalline solids
4)Specific Composition
What are Igneous Rocks?
Form by cooling and hardening of magma/ lava
Magma molten rock beneath the crust. Lava on top of the surface.
Intergrown Crystals.
Where do minerals come from?
1) Inorganic Crystallization-Atoms arrange into crystals.
2)Minerals form and reform in water when in rock-forming environments.
Characteristics of Igneous Rocks
Intrusive/Plutonic: Form underground.
Extrusive/Volcanic: Form on/ near the surface.
Texture: Describes the crystal/grain size. Grain size depends on the cooling time.
Rock-forming Minerals
Over 2000 known materials
20-30 are most common and found in many rocks
Silicates contain Si and O, makes up 90% of the Earth's surface, structure is the Tetrohedrom.
Mafic vs. Felsic
Mafic: Dark-colored, High % of Fe and Mg, and High density
Felsic: Light-colored, High % of Al and Silica (Si), and low density.
Composition of the Earth's Crust
1st Oxygen (O) 2nd Silicon (Si).
Mineral Properties
Color: Helpful but is not enough to identify a mineral.
Streak: Powdered form.
Luster: Way a mineral reflects light.
Hardness: Resistance to being scratched.
Cleavage: Flat breakage pattern due to atomic arrangement.
Fracture: Rough breakage pattern due to atomic arragement.
Carbonate Test: Reaction to acid CO3 to CO bubbles.