Kinetic Energy
Distance with respect to time:
A. Kinetic energy
B. Energy transfer
C. Speed
D. Mass
E. Motion
C. Speed
Which of the following factors contributes most to the amount of energy required to change the temperature of a sample of water by 10°C?
A The source of the sample of water
B The size of container holding the sample
C The initial temperature of the sample
D The amount of water in the sample
D The amount of water in the sample
The average kinetic energy of all the particles in a material
Temperature
______ Thermal energy exchange between objects of different temperatures
Heat Transfer
Ability to cause change in a system
Energy
1) Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to its ________.
Motion
Do all substances transfer the same amount of thermal energy during a certain amount of time? Why or why not?
No, every substance has a unique specific heat, which tells you how quickly an object will heat up or cool off. Every substance has a different viscosity, ultimately affecting heat transfer
Insulators serve to __________ the transfer of heat energy.
Decrease
. ______ Thermal energy that is transferred when two objects of different temperatures touch
Conduction
Amount of matter in an object, which affects energy transfer
Mass
Students conduct an experiment using a toy car with the mass of 10g, a toy car with the mass of 20g, and a toy car with the mass of 30g. The students want to test the cars on a ramp and measure how far the cars traveled. Evaluate the information and determine the question they are trying to test with this experiment.
A Does the height of the ramp influence the amount of potential energy?
B Does the mass of the car influence the amount of kinetic energy?
C Does the amount of incline determine how far the car will travel?
D Does the mass of the object influence the amount of potential energy?
B Does the mass of the car influence the amount of kinetic energy?
How is the temperature of a substance related to kinetic energy?
The temperature of a substance is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the substance’s molecules.
Describe what happens to solid ice when the amount of thermal energy increases.
When thermal energy is added to solid ice, the kinetic energy of the molecules increases and the state of the substance eventually changes from solid to liquid.
______ The transfer of heat by the movement of currents of liquid or gas
Convection
The change in an object's position
Motion
Imagine a bird is diving into the ocean to eat a fish. At which point is the bird’s kinetic energy the greatest?
The bird will have the greatest kinetic energy at the moment of impact with the water. That is when all of its potential energy (due to the height above the water) will have been converted to kinetic energy.
How does the average velocity of molecules in a high-temperature gas compare to the average velocity of molecules of the same gas with a lower temperature?
(Think about speed and KE)
The average velocity of molecules in the high-temperature gas is faster than the average velocity of molecules in the same gas with a lower temperature.
If two objects have different temperatures, in which direction will heat move? For how long?
Heat energy always flows from the object with the higher temperature to the one with lower temperature. The heat energy will flow until they are at the same temperature.
When ice cubes melt in a glass of water, a current forms in which heat energy moves from particles with a higher temperature to particles with a ____________________ temperature.
lower
Anything that has volume and mass
Matter
Make a connection: Explain the proportional relationship between an object’s kinetic energy and the speed of the object.
The more kinetic energy an object has, the faster it will move.
Describe the transfer of energy that occurs as water freezes.
(Think about KE)
As water cools, energy is removed from the system and the molecules begin to slow down. When the molecules have slowed down sufficiently, they begin to bond together and form ice
Four containers made of different materials, each containing water at 30ºC, were set out on a table. The initial temperature of the water was recorded. The temperature of the water was also recorded 15 minutes later. Which container was the most effective at preventing heat transfer from the water to the environment?
Container P was the most effective at preventing heat transfer from the water to the environment.
Give an example and explain each type of thermal energy transfer (conduction, convection, and radiation).
Conduction is heat energy transferred by direct contact. A pan sitting on an electric stove top heats up by conduction. The water inside the pan heats up mostly by convection, which is heating by currents moving through a fluid. Radiation is the transfer of heat energy through space. A heat lamp at a restaurant keeps the food warm by radiation.
Movement of energy from one system to another
Energy Transfer