What are three key methods used by designers to help structures withstand forces?
Distribute the load. Direct the forces along angled components. Shape the parts to withstand the force they will most likely experience.
100
What are cantilevers?
A horizontal board or span, supported by a very strong column at one end.Double cantilevers are even stronger. Beams from the top of the columns pull upward on the ends of the cantilevers. Beams from below the span to the ends of the cantilevers push upward on the ends of the cantilevers.
100
how can you find the centre of gravity?
The point where gravity appears to act directly on that spot. Centre point where mass is evenly distributed
200
How can a lever generate a large force?
when effort is applied as an external force, a large enough force is created to lift a heavy load
200
What is corrugation?
Wave-like shape in corrugated cardboard that DISTRIBUTES THE LOAD
200
What are braces?
Can be added and materials angled to direct the forces through the solid part of the structure to the ground.
200
What key strategies are used in making a strong foundation?
Find something solid to build on. Make a solid layer-pack loose soil before paving to create a solid base. Spread the load.
300
what is metal fatigue?
when particles move apart, the forces holding them together become weaker. Small cracks develop and will eventually fail. Due to being bent or twisted over and over again.
300
What are flying buttresses?
Tall sides of a cathedral supported by columns on the outside that connects the building to the top
300
What is used to keep a brick wall in place?
a.compression
b.buckling
c.friction
d.all of the above
c.friction
300
What are the 5 principles of stable structures?
1. Centre of Gravity
2. Thrust line
3. Foundation
4. Symmetry
5. Balanced forces
400
If you bent something into a 'U' shape, what force/s are on the structure?
Compression and tension. The underside _U is undergoing tension and the top -U is undergoing compression
400
How can you strengthen a horizontal beam that is only supported at the ends?
braces & cantilevers
400
What are some possible solutions to make rectangular frames stronger?
Rigid joint fasteners for extra strength. Many vertical supporting posts to spread the load. Adding more triangles to the frame.
500
Name 3 types of material failure.
Name 2 positive uses of these failures.
Bending/buckling, torsion, shear. A shear pin in a boats motor is made to break when tangled in weeds. A cars bumper protects the occupants upon impact.
500
How can friction be used to stabilize a structure?
Friction resists motion, holding it in place
500
What is a key stone?
It's a wedge at the top of an arch. This directs the forces down to the ground. It pushes out.