Physical properties
The amount of space that something takes up. You can measure this in cubic units or liters.
Volume
How well a substance can dissolve in a liquid (usually water).
Solubility
Energy that comes from the flow of electricity.
Electrical Energy Energy that comes from the flow of electricity. It powers lights, computers, and other devices
The bending of light when it passes through different materials, like water or glass
Refraction
The continuous movement of water between Earth's surface and the atmosphere.
Water Cycle
A measure of how hot or cold something is. We use thermometers to measure this in degrees.
Temperature
The energy that comes from heat.
Thermal Energy
Energy that comes from movement or the ability to move
Mechanical Energy
An imaginary line that goes through the center of something, like Earth.
Axis
The process where minerals in water fill the spaces between sediment particles and act like "glue" to hold them together.
Cementation
States of Matter
The three main forms that matter can take: solid, liquid, and gas. Water can be ice (solid), water (liquid), or steam (gas).
The amount of matter (or "stuff") in an object.
Mass
Energy that you can hear
Sound Energy
The pattern of daytime and nighttime that happens because Earth rotates, or spins, on its axis.
Day/Night Cycle
Rock that forms when layers of sediment
Sedimentary Rock
When a gas cools down and changes into a liquid. When steam touches a cold mirror, it condenses into water droplets.
Condensation
When two or more materials are combined together but each one stays the same.
Mixture
The sun gives off ______ energy, and so do light bulbs and flashlights.
Light Energy
Earth's natural satellite that orbits around Earth.
Moon
The breaking down of rocks and minerals into smaller pieces by wind, water, ice, and temperature changes.
Weathering
A material that does NOT allow heat or electricity to pass through it easily.
Insulator
A special combination where one substance dissolves completely into another and you can't see the individual parts anymore.
Solution
A tool or material with tiny holes that lets liquid pass through but traps solid particles
Filter
The bouncing back of light when it hits a surface.
Reflection
The process where layers of sediment are squeezed and pressed down by the weight of sediment above them.
Compaction