Hydraulic Systems
This state of matter is used in hydraulic systems because it is "incompressible."
Liquids
This is the scientific term for a "push or a pull" on an object.
Force
An axe blade and a doorstop are examples of this simple machine.
Wedge
A complex machine is defined as a combination of two or more of these.
Simple Machines
What is the formula for calculating Work?
W = F x d
According to Pascal’s Law, if you apply pressure to a contained fluid, the pressure is transmitted ________ in all directions.
Evenly
This force always opposes motion and produces heat as a byproduct.
Friction
A flagpole uses this simple machine to change the direction of the input force.
Pulley
In a gear train, if the "Driver" gear is larger than the "Follower" gear, what happens to the speed?
It increases
What is the formula for Mechanical Advantage (MA) using Force?
MA = Output Force/Input Force
A hydraulic system uses liquid to transmit force, whereas a pneumatic system uses this.
Compressed gas/air
The measurement of how much of the energy put into a machine is actually used to do work.
Efficiency
Name the three classes of levers and what is in the middle of each lever?
1F, 2L, 3E
This part of a machine transfers energy from the engine to the wheels (often found in bikes and cars).
Transmission/Linkage
Calculate the Work done if a student lifts a10N box 2m high.
20J
If a hydraulic piston has an area of 0.01m2 and a force of 50N is applied, what is the pressure?
5,000 Pa
This term describes the point on which a lever rests or pivots.
Fulcrum
What are the two parents of all other simple machines?
Lever and Inclined Plane
Explain the difference between Mechanical Advantage (MA) and Speed Ratio (SR) in a gear system.
MA refers to the increase in force (torque) provided by the gears, while SR refers to how much faster one gear spins compared to another. Usually, if you gain one, you lose the other.
A winch system has a Mechanical Advantage (MA) of 4. If a worker uses the winch to lift a 200N crate a height of 5m, how much Input Distance (how much rope) must they pull?
20m
Explain why a hydraulic system can provide mechanical advantage.
Because it allows a small force applied over a small area to be converted into a large force over a large area.
This "Law" states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred.
Law of Conservation of Energy
Simple machines that work independently in a machine are part of a ...
Subsystem
Explain why a complex machine (like a car or a bicycle) can never be 100% efficient, even if the individual simple machines inside it are high-quality.
Every time energy is transferred from one subsystem to another (e.g., from the pedals to the chain, then the chain to the gear), energy is lost as heat due to friction.
A hydraulic lift has an input piston area of 2cm2 and an output piston area of 4m2. If you push down with 50N of force, what is the Output Force?
50N x 20,000 = 1,000,000N