Macromolecules
What macromolecules do we need?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Macronutrient refers specifically to the macromolecules that provide dietary energy to the body.
What is the smallest cell?
Bacteria mycoplasma has the smallest cell. Its size is around 0.1 micrometers.
What are some facts about organelles?
Organelles typically have their own plasma membrane round them.
What is separated in mitosis?
During cell division, mitosis refers specifically to the separation of the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus.
What is DNA RNA to protein called?
A. translation
B. Transcription
A. translation
How is a macromolecule formed?
made from single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers.
What are the functions and structure of cell?
the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out specialized functions.
Is DNA an organelle?
DNA are the nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts. The nucleus is the control center of the cell, and houses genetic information.
Do cells make DNA?
the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.
What are the 3 processes to go from DNA to protein?
initiation, elongation, and termination. After the mRNA is processed, it carries the instructions to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
TRUE or FALSE polymerization refers to the process of polymers bonding to form monomers
FALSE: polymerization refers to the process of monomers bonding to form polymers
How many cells are present in human body?
Most recent estimates put the number of cells at around 30 trillion.
What organelle produces proteins?
ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins.
Why do chromosomes fail to separate within mitosis?
causing both sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes to be pulled to one pole of the cell.
How is protein made from DNA?
DNA is first transcribed into RNA, then RNA is translated into protein
What are the 4 important macromolecule?
he carbohydrates, lipids (or fats), proteins, and nucleic acids.
What functions do all cells have in common?
They provide structure and support, facilitate growth through mitosis, allow passive and active transport.
What organelle can we live without?
You can't survive without mitochondria, the organelles that power most human cells.
What would happen to skin cells if mitosis did not take place?
Skin cells would die and not be replaced.
Where does protein come from?
Protein from food comes from plant and animal sources
How macromolecules are used in the body?
provide structural support, a source of stored fuel, the ability to store and retrieve genetic information, and the ability to speed biochemical reactions.
What are the 5 main parts of a cell and their functions?
Does nucleus control the cell?
The nucleus controls and regulates the activities of the cell and carries the genes, structures that contain the hereditary information.
What happens if mitosis goes wrong?
Mistakes during mitosis lead to the production of daughter cells with too many or too few chromosomes, a feature known as aneuploidy.
What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
The role of mRNA in protein synthesis is to transfer the information encoded in the DNA to the cytoplasm.