The Scientific Revolution/ Protestant Reformation
The French Revolution
The Enlightenment
Misc (random)
Vocabulary
100
someone whose beliefs go against the Church’s official beliefs
A heretic= someone whose beliefs go against the Church’s official beliefs
100
What absolute monarch reigned (ruled) France during the early years of the French Revolution
King Louis XVI (16th)
**Different situation than his grandfather King Louis 14th aka the Sun King who ruled during the Age of Absolutism and was considered the model (ideal) monarch.
100
Period in European history between 1600's and 1700's when nations were governed (ruled) by absolute monarchs.
The Age of Absolutism
100
This German monk and religious reformer who is credited for sparking the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century
Martin Luther
100
The ______ was invented by a French doctor. Used as primary method of execution during French Revolution
Guillotine
200
This group became the most important unifying and stabilizing force in western Europe during the Middle Ages.
The Catholic Church
200
The 3rd Estate created a National Assembly and took the Tennis Court Oath. Their goal was to create a ____________
constitution
200
List at least two characteristics of an absolute monarch
Makes Laws
Centralized Power
Controlled the military
Limited power of church and nobles
Proclaimed divine rights (right to rule from god)
200
This device was a revolutionary new way of spreading ideas. It was created by Johannes Gutenberg in 1440 (Hint used to produce written products such as books and newspapers quicker)
The Printing Press
200
is a feeling of love, loyalty, and devotion to one’s country. Someone who feels this love, loyalty, and devotion is known as a nationalist.
Nationalism
300
This scientist, during the Scientific Revolution, challenged the geocentric theory (Earth-centered) supported the Heliocentric (sun-centered) theory of the Solar System
Nicholas Copernicus
300
This was a document written during the French Revolution that gave equal rights to the men of France and created a fair system of taxation
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the citizen
300
Which enlightenment philosopher suggested that the power of the government should be separated into three branches such as legislative, executive, and judicial?
Baron de Montesquieu
300
Napoleon was defeated in 1812 when he invaded Russia because...
He invaded Russia during the winter and the freezing climate (weather) of Russia killed thousands of his soldiers
300
When Napoleon was finally defeated in 1815 European leaders met at the _____ of ______ to restore order and stability back to Europe. Also, to restore the monarchs (kings and queens) Napoleon had replaced. What was the name of the meeting?
Congress of Vienna
400
Martin Luther, a German monk, created the 95 theses. What were some of the arguments he had against the Catholic Church?
The sale of Indulgences
Corruption by high ranking church officials
400
This was an event where the leaders of the French Revolution executed thousands of people that they believed were loyal to the king. The Jacobins were the radical (extreme) group leading this event and Robespierre was the leader of the Jacobins.
The Reign of Terror
400
According to John Locke, the purpose of government is to
protect your natural rights
400
Otto Von Bismarck, Prussian chancellor, used the ideas of _____ and _____ and waged wars such as the Franco-Prussian (French vs. Prussia) to unify Germany. Also, what does each one mean?
Blood = German nationalism
Iron = Industrialization (building factories and businesses)
400
Between 1500-1800 Latin America was colonized by European nations such as Spain and France. The main motives for European colonialism during this time was referred to as the three G's. What were the three G's?
Gold
Gold
Glory
500
During the Scientific Revolution, s______ and r______ (logic) were used to explain how the world worked.
science and reason
500
identify at least 3 problems that were present in the France prior (before) to the French Revolution?
High taxes on the 3rd estate
rigid social class structure
Enlightenment ideas
King Louis 16th (absolute monarch)
High debt (loaned money to the American colonies to fight the British)
Famine (lack of food)
500
This Latin American revolutionary, inspired by Enlightenment ideals and the French Revolution, fought to liberate (free) several Latin American countries such as Bolivia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Columbia from Spanish rule.
Simon Bolivar
500
This Prussian leader was instrumental in uniting the German speaking countries into one nation called Germany
Otto Von Bismarck (aka the Iron Chancellor)
500
What is the name of the earth centered theory and the sun-centered theory? (Hint: The Heliocentric theory was supported by the experiments of Copernicus and Galileo)
earth-centered (geo-centric)
Sun-centered (Helio-centric)