Theories and Laws
Heliocentric Theory
Theory that the sun is at the center of the universe
Newton created calculus and explained _____ in his book
Principia
The king has power over everyone
absolute monarchy
Ptolemy
developed the geocentric theory
Roger Bacon
Scientist in the 1200s who advocated for a system of scientific experimentation in seeking truth rather than accepting without question traditional Church and ancient beliefs. This led to the development of the scientific method.
A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, and stating conclusions
Scientific Method
French for "philosopher"; applied to all intellectuals during the Enlightenment
Philosophe
Deductive Method of Reasoning
Descartes' reasoning that is assumed based on a series of occurrences and/or patterns
Galileo Galilei
Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to discover mountains on Earth's moon, moons revolving around Jupiter, and sunspots
Philosophe who wrote the "Candide", satirizing prejudice, oppressive government, and bigotry. Championed freedom of religion and thought.
Voltaire
Law of Gravitation
Explained why planets continued in elliptical orbits around the sun
Laissez-faire
Idea that the government should not impose regulations on the economy
Checks and Balances
A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
Polish astronomer who proposed a heliocentric model of the universe
Nicolaus Copernicus
Johannes Kepler
German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630) - planets move in elliptical patterns
System of the universe in which the main belief is the geocentric theory
Ptolemaic
The belief, based solely on reason, in a God who created the universe and then abandoned it, assuming no control over life, exerting no influence on natural phenomena, and giving no supernatural revelation.
Deism
Theory that the Earth is at the center of the solar system
Geocentric Theory
Persuaded the king of Denmark to build for him the most advanced astronomy laboratory in Europe, and, without a telescope, accurately recorded detailed observations about planets and stars over a period of twenty years
Tycho Brahe
French philosopher and mathematician who lived from 1596-1650. His discourse on Method states that all assumptions had to be proven on the basis of known facts. He wrote, "I think; therefore, I am."
Rene Descartes
Scholasticism
A philosophical and theological system, associated with Thomas Aquinas, devised to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy and Roman Catholic theology in the thirteenth century
"On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres"
Copernicus, 1543
Francis Bacon's reasoning by experiments, mathematics, and observation
Inductive Method
Pioneered the study of anatomy and provided detailed overviews of the human body and its systems
Andreas Vesalius
A Philosophe who wrote "Spirit of Laws" in 1748.
Montesquieu