Scientific Revolution
Rene Descartes developed a way of thinking that used logical reasoning and that a person could find the truth if they relied on rationalism over religion and emotion
Deductive Reasoning
People bad. Need a strong king.
Thomas Hobbes
Author who supported freedom of speech and religion and enlightened despotism
Voltaire
an economic system of private ownership of business; competition in a free market. Little to none government interference
Capitalism
Country that their ruler established a professional army and navy. With this military he took parts of Sweden and created a new capital. Increased this country's trade, education, and limited the use of torture.
Russia
Francis Bacon is credited for formalizing the way that people form a conclusion using observations, hypothesis, and experiments.
Scientific Method
Enlightenment =
Reason
This helped the ideas of the Enlightenment spread to new regions and by collecting the subjects into one place, he made it easier for people to read and compare different theories.
Who is Denis Diderot, who compiled a 28-volume work called Encyclopedie.
Idea that all men are born with these (life, liberty, property)
Natural Rights
Overthrew her husband who was the czar, because he was unpopular with the people and military. Ruled for 34 years.
Catherine the Great
Copernicus discovered....
What is the heliocentric theory?
If government did not protect the natural rights of life, liberty, and property, citizens could replace their government
John Locke
Believed that government should be separated into three branches, the executive, legislative, and judicial, to provide checks and balances.
Montesquieu
God appoints kings
Divine right
In this country they limited the power of the noble class, abolished the feudal system, abolished torture. They also brought religious freedom to Protestants and Jews. Created public schools and hospitals. Mother and Son duo.
Austria
New technology built to allow a person to see distant objects, and one to make small objects appear larger.
How did women influence the Enlightenment?
Helped spread the ideas. They hosted gatherings in private salons, where they would bring writers, artists, and philosophers to share their ideas and where people could ask them questions.
Believed that government was created to protect people from their own selfishness
Thomas Hobbes.
People give up some freedom and in return their government protects their individual liberties
Social Contract Theory
In this country the leader wanted to make the government more efficient, change the tax system, simplified the laws, and abolished the use of torture and the death penalty. They reduced censorship and protected freedom of speech and the press.
Prussia
Studied forces in nature and how they affect objects in motion. Created the basis of modern physics with his Laws of Motion.
Isaac Newton
Wanted religious tolerance and free speech.
Voltaire.
Enlightenment thinkers found ideal in these two classical societies. These two classical societies developed the idea that people should have a voice in their government and the belief in humans ability to use reason and observation.
Greece and Rome
the idea that government should be divided among various individuals or institutions
Separation of powers
This leader required all Russian men to shave their beards, and if they kept them, then they had to pay a tax. His reforms also led Russia to be a major European power.
Peter the Great