Scientists
Sentenced to house arrest for promoting heliocentrism
Galileo Galilei
A sun-centered universe
heliocentrism
People are mostly good; consent of the governed
John Locke
Locke's natural rights
life, liberty, and property
Galileo's invention that helps with his observations
telescope
Polish astronomer who created the heliocentric theory
Nicolaus Copernicus
force that acts on all objects in the world
gravity
People are mostly bad; require absolute monarchy
Thomas Hobbes
Provided by separation of powers
checks & balances
Rulers who implement some ideas from philosophers
enlightened despots
Isaac Newton
Process based on inquiry, observation, and experimentation
scientific method
Promotes freedom of speech through satirical writings
Voltaire
a person is accountable for their own actions
agency
Non-religious thought
secularism
"I think, therefore I am"
Rene Descartes
an earth-centered model of the universe
geocentrism
Believes functions of government should be separate
Baron de Montesquieu
People's agreement with their government
social contract
Ways that scientific concepts are spread
literature, academies, patronage
Writer who thinks science can improve everyday life
Francis Bacon
Conclusions based on thought (1+1=2)
logic/ rationalism
Law should be fair and apply to everyone
Cesare Beccaria
Should teach morality and provide opportunities
education
Improved by a better understanding of the human body
medicine
Greek philosopher who created the geocentric theory
Aristotle
Conclusions based on senses (the stove is hot)
empiricism
All men are born free and good
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
this is responsible for how people turn out
society
Social gatherings for philosophers hosted by women
salons