Terms
(Ch. 22)
(Ch. 22)
A logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas. Included steps such as observation, hypothesis, experiment, etc.
What is the scientific method?
Theory that the Earth was at the center of the universe, backed by Aristotle, Ptolemy, and the Church.
What is Geocentric Theory?
Philosopher who believed in natural rights and the social contract.
Who is John Locke?
Regular gatherings in wealthy households, typically of women, to discuss and spread Enlightened ideas.
What are salons?
Document based on Locke's natural rights and the social contract.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
A new way of thinking about the natural world, based upon careful observation and a willingness to question accepted beliefs.
What is the Scientific Revolution?
Scientist who proposed the theory that the sun was that the center of the universe (heliocentric theory).
Who is Nicolas Copernicus?
Philosopher who taught the idea of separation of power into 3 branches of government, with a system of checks and balances.
Who is Montesquieu?
City that was the cultural capital of Europe.
What is Paris?
Added to the Constitution to protect the core freedoms of the people based on Enlightenment ideas.
What is the Bill of Rights?
An agreement between the people and government - the people sacrifice some of their rights in exchange for law and order.
What is the social contract?
Scientist who created/discovered the laws of motion in physics as well as universal gravitation.
Who is Isaac Newton?
Defender of freedom of speech and religion.
Who is Voltaire?
Multi-volume reference book of the Enlightenment, banned by France and the church.
What is Diderot's Encyclopedia?
This document created a weak national government for the US in 1781.
What are the Articles of Confederation?
Monarchs who embraced the new ideas and made reforms that reflected the spirit of the Enlightenment.
Who are Enlightened Despots?
Builder of the telescope, supporter of heliocentrism; got put on house arrest to try to stop him spreading his ideas.
Who is Galileo?
The FIRST Enlightenment philosopher to teach the Social Contract.
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
Rulers who adopted reforms of the Enlightenment.
What are Enlightened Despots?
British debt after the French and Indian War in 1763 caused the passing of this tax.
What is the Stamp Act?
A system of governing where the power is divided among both national and state governments.
What is the federal system?
Scientist who found the planets move in elliptical orbits; his equations proved Copernicus's heliocentric theory.
Who is Johannes Kepler?
Philosopher who called for punishments that fit the crime, no death penalty, and fair and speedy trials.
Who is Beccaria?
Elightened ruler who abolished serfdom in Austria.
Who is Joseph II?
List any TWO ideas/philosophers that influenced the revolution in America and identify HOW.
Answers may vary