Scientific Revolution Thinkers
Who proposed the heliocentric theory that placed the Sun at the center of the universe?
Copernicus
What did Gabriel Fahrenheit invent?
Mercury thermometer that shows water freezing at 32 degrees
Which philosopher believed people are naturally selfish and supported absolute monarchy?
Thomas Hobbes
What are the 5 core beliefs of the Enlightenment?
Reason, nature, happiness, progress & liberty
Which revolution was directly inspired by Enlightenment ideas?
American Revolution
Which scientist was tried by the Catholic Church for supporting the heliocentric theory?
Galileo Galilei
What invention allowed Galileo to make detailed observations of the planets?
Telescope
Which philosopher believed in natural rights—life, liberty, and property?
John Locke
What is the agreement where people give up some freedoms in exchange for order and protection from the government?
Social Contract
What era of new thinking about government and society followed the Scientific Revolution?
Enlightenment
Which scientist developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation?
Isaac Newton
Who improved the microscope and discovered bacteria?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Who promoted separation of powers in government?
Montesquieu
What Enlightenment idea did Montesquieu propose to avoid tyranny?
Separation of powers/checks and balances
What did Enlightenment thinkers inspire in countries like France and America?
A:
Revolutions/democratic reforms
Who emphasized the use of experimentation and the scientific method?
Francis Bacon
Who developed the first smallpox vaccine?
Edward Jenner
Which Enlightenment thinker fought for freedom of speech and religion?
Voltaire
What document by Thomas Jefferson was influenced by Locke’s ideas of natural rights?
Declaration of Independence
What major institution lost influence as a result of both the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment?
The Catholic Church
Which thinker relied on reason and mathematics and believed in doubt as the basis for knowledge, stating “I think, therefore I am”?
René Descartes
What concept did Newton discover that linked motion in space/on earth?
The law of universal gravitation
Who believed that government should reflect the general will of the people?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
What belief did Enlightenment thinkers have about government and human nature?
That humans could use reason to improve society and government
What long-term effect did Enlightenment ideas have on modern governments?
Promotion of democracy, rights, and rule of law