Scientific Revolution
Who is Copernicus & what did he do?
Scientist who proposed the initial ‘heliocentric’ model of the Solar System
What is an "Absolute Monarch" (define the term)
A ruler that has total power over the land and people
Who is Hobbes & what did he do?
Enlightenment thinker that believed humans were naturally greedy & selfish (supported strong central government)
Define "Sovereignty"
The supreme and independent control of a state to govern itself (allowed for absolute monarchy to develop more)
This was established after the Thirty Years' War ended through the Treaty of Westphalia
Who is Rousseau & what did he do?
Enlightenment thinker who believed in The Social Contract, people should focus on the good of the community before the good of an individual
Who is Galileo & what did he do?
A scientist who confirmed the ‘heliocentric’ model, studied the moons of other planets, and improved the telescope (persecuted by the Catholic Church)
What are the three characteristics of an absolute monarch?
Divine Right
Unlimited Sovereignty
Limited Checks & Balances
Who is Locke & what did he do?
Enlightenment thinker who believed humans were naturally good/reasonable and saw the need for governments to protect natural rights
The Age of Reason - Movement that emphasized logic, individual rights, and progress which transformed the way people viewed the world (17th-19th centuries)
Who is Harvey & what did he do
Scientist that discovered how the heart contributes to blood flow in the body
Who is Newton & what did he do?
A scientist that discovered the Earth’s gravitational pull (gravity) and used math to measure nature
Define "Divine Right"
Monarch gets power directly from God
Who is Montesquieu & what did he do?
French philosopher/Enlightenment thinker who believed in the importance of the separation of powers (with checks and balances)
Define "Natural Rights" (list the three rights from Locke)
Rights belonging to all humans from birth
Life, Liberty, Property
Who is Kepler & what did he do?
Scientist who discovered and measured the motion of the planets (ellipses not circular)
Who is Bacon & what did he do?
Scientist who popularized the Scientific Method, believed in the use of experimentation and observation to help people improve their lives
Define "Unlimited Sovereignty"
Control everything from the people and land to the government
Who is Wollstonecraft & what did she do?
Enlightenment thinker who advocated for a similar education for boys and girls
Laws that govern human nature
Who is Adam Smith & what did he do?
Economist and Enlightenment thinker who advocated for free markets and is seen as the "father of modern economics"
Who is Descartes & what did he do?
A philosopher and scientist who emphasized the need for reasoning to help with proving knowledge to be true - emphasized inquiry ("Father of Modern Philosophy")
Define "Limited Checks & Balances"
Nobody to restrict or prevent power from being abused
Who is Voltaire & what did he do?
Enlightenment thinker who believed authority should be questioned & advocated for civil liberties (believed in separation of church and state)
Define "Defenestrations"
To throw something out a window
"Defenestrations of Prague" - displays increasing conflict between Protestants and Catholics
What does each letter in SOAPS stand for?
S-Subject
O-Occasion
A-Audience
P-Purpse
S-Speaker