SciRev - Enlightenment - Absolutism

Enlightenment 1 and Sci Rev

100

This theory, espoused by Nicolas Copernicus, states that the Earth actually orbits the Sun, and not the other way around.

HELIOCENTRISM

200

This influential philosopher was nearly executed during the French Revolution while advocating for the revolutionary government to respect the rights of not just men, but women, too

MARY WOLSTONECRAFT

300

The four bodily humors, which make up all the parts of all human beings, include blood, black bile, yellow bile, and the final water-associated substance

PHLEGM

400

John Locke, English Enlightenment philosopher, believed that life, liberty, and property made up these.

NATURAL RIGHTS

500

This influential French philosopher, a friend of Voltaire's, explained his position on Church and state power when he said "man will never be free until the last king is strangled with the entrails of the last priest"

DIDEROT

Enlightenment 2

100

This philosopher believed strongly in freedom of speech, arguing that it allows institutions to improve through challenge

VOLTAIRE

200

This philosopher argued that people are naturally good, but are corrupted by the hierarchical nature of society.

ROUSSEAU

300

Montesquieu believed that the most morally correct and stable governments split power into multiple centers, and the best way to create a government would be to split it into these three parts.

EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE, and JUDICIAL

400

This sea-creature-themed book was written by Hobbes, and explains his theory of an all-powerful central government to keep people from being evil

LEVIATHAN

500

This French philosopher proved his own existence (sort of) by declaring "I think, therefore - I am."

RENE DESCARTES

Absolute Monarchs

100

The belief that all political power in a country should be held by one person

ABSOLUTISM

200

This Russian crowns himself tsar at 16, and accidentally murders his son

IVAN the TERRIBLE

300

This influential French monarch summarizes his political theory with his famous claim "I am the state"

LOUIS XIV

400

This Russian is obsessed with ship-building and warfare, and intentionally murders his son

PETER the GREAT

500

This religious event leads to, among other things, the reign of absolute monarchs as the Church's power is dispersed between many new centers

THE REFORMATION

English Civil War

100

This English general succeeded in defeating Charles' cavalier army, and was later named Lord Protector

OLIVER CROMWELL

200

This nation rebelled against Charles I after he tried to force them to adopt Anglicanism.

SCOTLAND

300

This document was forced on Charles I by Parliament, demanding that he not imprison subjects without cause, raise taxes without Parliament's consent, and other things

PETITION of RIGHT

400

These Puritan supporters of Parliament were named for their haircuts, which extended only a bit over their ears (if you say "low taper fades" I will subtract 400 points)

ROUNDHEADS

500

This freedom guaranteed that, if arrested, a person could quickly be brought before a judge to be tried or set free

HABEAS CORPUS

Enlightened Despots

100

Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, mandates that peasants be paid for their farm labor in this.

$$$CASH$$$

200

"First Servant of the State," this Prussian monarch would strongly agree with Spiderman's claim that "with great power comes great responsibility"

FREDERICK II

300

Catherine the Great grew up in this since-destroyed kingdom, speaking German, not Russian

PRUSSIA

400

Prussia's "First Servant of the State" instituted this in his army, replacing the nepotism that had decided past military appointments

MERITOCRACY

500

This family governed Austria and the Holy Roman Empire for generations, and were famous for making excellent vertical marriages, until they decided to... keep it in the family

HABSBURGS / HAPSBURGS