Safety
PPE stands for?
Personal Protective Equipment
What is OSHA?
Occupational Saftey & Health Administration
What is a mode of transmission?
They're specific ways in which microorganisms travel from the reservoir to the suseptible host
What are the three different blood specimens?
Give examples, and which lab they're typically used in.
Whole Blood
-Anticoagulated blood
-Typical Use: Hematology
Plasma
-Liquid portion of anti-coagulated blood
-Typical use: Blood Bank, Chemistry, Immunology, Coagulation
Serum
-Fluid portion of clotted blood
-Typical Use: Blood Bank, Chemistry, Imunology
What should you observe, in terms of selecting a site for venipuncture?
Obeserve for factors that may affect collection, such as:
Mastectomy
Tattoo
Hematoma
Edema
Scars
Sclerosed Veins
Patient with IV
If possible, go with patient preference
Check both arms, go with the best one
Are you suppose to recap needles, especially if it's necessary?
No, you should never ever recap needles.
What are you not allowed to give to the patient?
You cannot give the patient results or their diagnosis, because as a phlebotomist you are not medically qualified to do so.
What do we assume all patients are?
Patients are presumed to be infective for blood-borne pathogens.
What are the different types of tube additives?
Silicone
Anti-Coagulants
Anti-glycotic agents
Clot Activators
Glass or Silica
Thixotropic Gel
Immune Response Inhibitors
What are the three different types of antiseptics that can be used for a venipuncure?
70% Isopropyl Alcohol
Povidone-Iodine
Chlorhexidine Gluconate
One of the most important practices in the lab to prevent the transmission of bloodborne pathogens, would be?
Hand Washing is one of the most important (and easiest) practices used to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens
What is Clinical laboratory improvement amendments of 1988 (CLIA 1988)?
Federal guidelines that regulate all clinical laboratories across the U.S. regulations apply to any site that tests human specimens, including physicians' laboratory offices, or screening test.
What are the five modes of transmission?
Airborne
Droplet
Vctor
Vehicle
Portal of Entry
What are the quality control for expired tubes, because they can lead to what?
The quality control for expired tubes would be
-To discard
Because the effects would be:
-Decreased Vacuum-Additive Degradation
And they can lead to:-Erroneous Results
-Re-Sticking patients
What are the pre-analytical factors, in terms of specimen processing?
Labeling
Handling
Transport
Timed Tests
Coagulation
Cetrifugation
Aliquoting
A sharps container must first meet these requirements before any healthcare worker can use them.
Puncture-resistent, leak proof on the sides and bottom and must be labeled or color-coded
Patients have the right to what in a procedure? Under what bill is this?
Under the Patient Bill Of Rights they always have the option to decline medical treatment and to know what tests are being performed on them.
What are standard precautions?
They're an infection control method designed to prevent direct contact with blood and other body fluids and tissues by using a barrier of protection and work control practices.
How does needle disposal work?
Safety device
-Activated immediately after removal from the arm
Needle and Tube holder
-Disposed intact in sharps container
What is the use for stool?
What container should you use and why should you avoid the urine contamination?
The use for stool would be:
O and P (Ova and Parasites)
-Wide mouth container
-Avoid Urine contamination, because it hidners bacterial growth
C and S (Culture and Sensitivity)
What are the five different types of hazards and give explanations/examples of each.
Biologic - Infectious agents that can cause bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitic infections
Sharps - Needles, lancets and broken glass can puncture and cut, causing blood-borne pathogen exposure
Chemical - Preservatives and chemicals used in the laboratory. Exposure to Toxin, Carcinogenic or caustic substances
Fire or explosive - bunsen burners, oxygen and chemicals can cause burns or dismemberment
Physical - wet floors, heavy lifting ance cause falls, sprains and strains
What is Res Ipsa Loquitur
The principle that the occurrence of an accident implies negligence, but they cannot figure out how the injury happened.
Gloves - when collecting and handling body fluids, or tissue specimen
Face shield - when danger of splashing on mucous membranes
Disposal - dispose of all needles and sharp objests in punture-proof containers, WITH OUT RECAPPING
Disinfectants - clean fluid spills, thus killing pathogenic organisms
What is the order of draw?
1. Yellow Sterile, Blood Cultures
2. Light Blue, oagulation (Hemostasis)
- Must have 9:1 blood ratio to additive ratio
3. Red (Glass/Plastic), Gold, Red-Gray (Clot tubes)
4. Green to Light Green
- Does not interfere w/ hematology tests
5. Lavender or Pink
- Can affect Ca^2+ and K^+ tests
6. Gray
- Can affect electrolyte and enzyme tests
What are the patient and test criteria for post prandial tests?
The patient criteria would be:
- Patient voids and then eats meal
-Patient eats prescribed amount of carbs or glucose solution
-Urine collected 2 hours after patient started eating meal
The test criteria would be:
-Monitor insulin dosage for DM (Diabetus Mellitus) patient
-Screening test for DM