But how does it work?
ADH is (supposed to be) released from this portion of the body.
What is the posterior pituitary gland?
Patients can present with weight loss in lung cancer due to this mechanism.
What is increased respiratory effort?
Compression of this structure can lead to sudden redness in the face.
What is the SVC?
Intracellular fluid contains this fraction of the total body water.
This is the first line intervention for SIADH
What is water restriction?
Small cell lung cancer is known to arise from these neuroendocrine cells
What are Kulchitsky cells?
This is the specific name for the sodium-water imbalance caused by SIADH
What is euvolemic hyponatremia?
This paraneoplastic syndrome of small cell lung cancer causes an abnormal elevation in serum cortisol (DOUBLE POINTS: what other lung tumor can present with this?)
What is Cushing syndrome? Bonus: bronchial carcinoid tumor
The morning after you wake up from eating McDonalds, you realize that you've gained a few pounds. Besides the high calorie intake, this mechanism could explain the temporary rise in weight.
What is water retention from high sodium intake due to need to balance osmolality?
Conivaptan, Tolvaptan, and Demeclocycline all share this point of action
What is ADH (V2) receptor antagonism?
ADH binds to these receptors to directly increase blood pressure.
What are V1 receptors?
What is Opsoclonus-Myoclonus syndrome? Bonus: neuroblastoma
Small cell lung cancer can sometimes produce these antibodies, which can cause a patient to present with muscle weakness that improves with use.
What are anti-presynaptic VDCC antibodies?
What is an osmoreceptor? Bonus: located in anterior hypothalamus
Fix electrolytes in SIADH too fast, and this neurological problem can happen.
What is osmotic demyelination syndrome?
This is the most common mutation seen in small cell lung cancer.
What is TP53 mutation?
Small cell lung cancer stains positive for these biomarkers. (Name three)
What are synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A, and NCAM (CD56)?
A patient presents with moon facies, buffalo hump, thin extremities, and complains of recent excess in hair growth and vision changes. She was evaluated by a 24-hour free cortisol level, which was elevated, and a follow-up low and high-dose dexamethasone test was ordered. These results from the tests would point you toward a cancer.
What is no suppression of ACTH from low or high dose dexamethasone tests?
Overactivity of aldosterone may cause this acid-base disorder. 200 Point Bonus: what channel is linked to this and where is it located?
What is metabolic alkalosis? Bonus: H+ ATPase on luminal surface of alpha-intercalated cells
One of two chemotherapeutic drug classes that is commonly used for small cell lung cancer.
What are cisplatin and etoposide (platinum analogs and topoisomerase II inhibitors)?
These two main components of cigarette smoke are linked to cancer development.
What are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and arsenic?
Patient with presents with confusion, headache, fatigue, and some nausea/vomiting. Tests were run which showed an elevated ADH level. She was found to have cerebral edema. This mechanism explains how this may have developed.
What is swelling of cells due to a decrease in plasma osmolality compared to the intracellular solute concentration?
This disorder of the HPA axis can present with SIADH.
What is secondary adrenocortical insufficiency?
This agent (not albumin) may be used to measure the patient's plasma volume.
What is Evans Blue dye?
This alkylating agent can cause SIADH as an adverse effect
What is cyclophosphamide?