Theories of Knowledge
Unlike opinion and unsupported conjecture, questions and debates that can be answered by careful observation of the known world are considered to be this.
Empirical
This type of data is/are used by the researcher but collected by someone else.
Secondary data
When seeking to depict the impact of validity and reliability on scientific research, this kind of visual metaphor is most commonly used.
A bullseye
This type of hypothesis posits meaningful, significant differences or relationships between the variables under investigation.
Alternative hypothesis
As opposed to systematic error, this type of error does not follow a pattern, generally unpredictable.
Random error
This is a theory that espouses the limited time, resources, and knowledge of human beings.
Bounded rationality
These are statements or activities that seek to prescribe how things should be valued, what should be, what is good or just, and what is better or worse.
Normative statements
In scientific research, this is the degree of correspondence (or accuracy) between the measure and the concept it is thought to measure
Validity
This type of hypothesis posits that there is no meaningful relationship among the variables or groups of interest.
Null hypothesis
This type of measurement utilizes the full mathematical properties of numbers and contains the most possible information about a measured concept.
Continuous or ratio (variables)
This approach to knowledge supports unambiguous, fact-driven and accurate knowledge of the world
Positivism
This is the process of reasoning going from specific observations to a general explanation or theory
Induction
In scientific research, this is the consistency of results (precision) from a procedure or measure in repeated tests or trials.
Reliability
This is A question or a problem that has not been answered by any of the existing studies or research within your field
Research gap
This type of measurement has all properties of a nominal variable, but can assume that variance between observations have more or less of the attribute of interest.
Ordinal (variables)
This is an approach to knowledge that asserts humans actually build--through their social interactions and cultural and historical practices--many of the facts they take for granted as having an independent, objective, or material reality.
Constructionism
This type of data involves firsthand observation, such as an original survey or field observation, by the researcher himself/herself.
Primary data
This is the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized across populations, times, and settings.
External validity
This is a scientific prediction that specifies the expected direction to be followed to determine the relationship between variables
Directional hypothesis
This is the process of assigning (standardized) numerals or scores to a variable, to represent the values of a concept
Operationalization
This approach to knowledge supports the idea that the observer and the observed are not independent, meaning that observations and perceptions of reality are relative/subjective to the individual.
Post-positivism
This is is a well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world that can incorporate laws, hypotheses and facts.
Theory
This is the ability to demonstrate that manipulation or variation in the independent variable actually causes the dependent variable to change.
Internal validity
This is a clear, concise inquiry about a specific topic, problem, or issue that serves as the foundation for a research project, guiding the study's direction and methodology.
Research question
This type of measurement Has properties of nominal and ordinal variables and has an arbitrarily assigned zero-point.
Interval (variables)