Learning 1
a type of learning that involves stimulus- response connections, in which the response is conditional on the stimulus
classical conditioning
a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience
learning
in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits an unlearned, automatic response
unconditioned stimulus
in classical conditioning, an unlearned, automatic response
unconditioned response
a previously neutral stimulus that, because of pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, now causes a conditioned response
conditioned stimulus
a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
conditioned response
Behaviors one is born with that are trigger by a broader range of events.
Instincts
in classical conditioning, the disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus no longer follows a conditioned stimulus
extinction
the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time has passed
spontaneous recovery
the tendency to respond in the same way to stimuli that have similar characteristics
generalization
Motor/neural reactions to a specific stimulus.
Reflex
in classical conditioning, the ability to distinguish the conditioned stimulus from other stimuli that are similar
discrimination
a type of learning where punishments and rewards are presented.
operant conditioning
Add something you don't like to discourage a behavior.
Positive Punishment
Taking away something you enjoy.
Negative Punishment
a stimulus or event that follows a response and increases the frequency of that response
reinforcement
stimuli, such as food or warmth, that have reinforcement value without learning
primary reinforcers
This type of schedule is when there is a set time for something to occur.
Fixed-Interval
encouraging stimuli that increase the frequency of a behavior when they are presented
positive reinforcers
unpleasant stimuli that increase the frequency of behavior when they are removed
negative reinforcers
Classical, Operant, and Observational Learning are this form of learning.
Associative
the reinforcement of a desired response every time it occurs
continuous reinforcement
The four partial reinforcement schedules.
Fixed-Interval, Fixed-Ratio, Variable-Interval, Variable-Ratio
in operant conditioning, a procedure in which reinforcement guides behavior toward closer approximations of the desired goal
shaping
Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate.
Latent Learning