Physiology
Immune
Obstructive & Restrictive
Wildcard
100
What is the equation for Alveolar Ventilation, CO, and PAO2. What are the causes for large A-a gradient?
=(Vt-DS)*RR =O2 consump/ (a-v) =150-(PaCO2/.8) Diffusion problems, V/Q defects, R-->L shunts
100
IL4, 5, and 13 fx?
4= IgE, Th2, B cell 5= eosinophils 13= similar to 4
100
Biggest mortality benefit in COPD
O2
100
Name that cancer: Low Na High Ca High ACTH Ptosis, fatigue at end of day, + edrophonium test
SIADH PTHrP Cushings Myastenia (Ab to postsynaptic ACh channels)
200
Explain the Haldane and Bohr effects?
O2 effects on CO2 transport and vice versa
200
In asthmatics, why do Sx still persist even if we remove the known allergen?
Day to day- epigenetically modified epithelial cells Exacerbation- Allergen related
200
Question stem buzz words: Farmer Works for NASA Ship yard maintenance Smoker Male infertility
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Berryliosis (similiar to sarcoid) Asbestosis--> lung carcinoma and mesothelioma COPD Bhonchiestasis
200
Open vs Tension pneumothorax
Mediastinal flutter vs contrecoup shift
300
What is the conceptual definition of FRC? What do you expect FRC to do in COPD?
Balance between rib expansion and lung collapse Increase
300
Drug review
Omalizumab Zileuton, Montelukast B2 agonist Anticholinergics Xanthines
300
Ivacaftor vs Lumacaftor
G551D vs delta508
300
ph 7.29 PCO2 60 HCO3 28
Resp Acidosis Hypoventilating
400
NL FEV/FVC Low TLC NL diffusion
Neurological
400
High lymphocyte exudative effusion...top 3 ddx
Cancer PE TB
400
Presentation of smoking related emphysema and anti-trypsin defficiency
1. upper lobe, centriacinar 2. Family Hx of lung or liver problems, lower lobe and panacinar
400
When would you use a low Vt when providing respiratory assistance?
ARDS (possible in acute respiratory acidosis to hyperventilate)
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