定义与目的Definition and Purpose
What does SDL stand for?
SDL 是什么意思？
Self-Directed Learning
自主导向性学习
How many steps are in the SDL planning process?
SDL有几个大的操作步骤？
4
What is the difference between gamification and game-based studies in the context of SDL?
在自我导向学习（SDL）的背景下，游戏化和基于游戏的学习有何区别？
Gamification involves applying game-like elements (such as points, badges, or levels) to non-game contexts to increase engagement and motivation. Game-based learning involves using actual games in the class.
游戏化是指将游戏元素（如积分、徽章、排行榜等）应用于非游戏环境，以提高学生的参与度、动机和学习效果。 而基于游戏的学习则是指直接利用游戏作为教学工具，让学生通过参与游戏来达成学习目标。
What is peer learning?
什么是同辈学习？
students working together to learn from and support each other.
学生们相互合作，从彼此身上学习
How does assessment differ in SDL from traditional approaches?
自我导向学习（SDL）中的评估与传统方法有何不同？
SDL uses reflective assessment (self-evaluation, peer feedback etc.) whereas traditional ones focus on tests and grades.
自我导向学习（SDL）使用反思性评估（如自我评估、同伴反馈等），而传统评估则侧重于考试和成绩。
Define SDL
SDL具体包含了什么？
Designing an experience that enables learners to take control of the information they wish to learn (Robinson and Persky, 2020).
设计一种让学生能够主动掌控学习内容与过程的体验。
Why is it important for students to set clear learning goals in SDL?
在自我导向学习（SDL）中，学生设定明确的学习目标为何重要？
Clear goals provide direction, help prioritize tasks, and give learners a sense of purpose
明确的目标提供清晰的学习方向，帮助学生优先处理任务，并赋予学习者目标感。
What are the key elements of gamification that enhance student engagement in SDL?
在自我导向学习（SDL）中，有哪些游戏化的关键元素可以用来增强学生的参与度？
goals, challenges, competition, rewards, badges etc.
积分和奖励、排行榜和竞争、挑战和任务、即时反馈等
What are some common methods for facilitating peer learning in an SDL environment?
在自我导向学习（SDL）环境中，促进同辈学习的常见方法有哪些？
collaborative groups, peer feedback, peer teaching etc.
小组讨论、同辈反馈与教学等
Why is formative assessment important?
过程性评估为何重要？（作业、课堂讨论、小测等）
It provides ongoing feedback to help learners monitor their progress.
提供持续性反馈，以帮助学生掌控自己的进展。
Give me one reason why teachers use SDL
请给我一条老师为什么会采取SDL方法的原因
To cultivate critical thinking, teach students responsibility etc.
锻炼批判性思维/教导学生承担学习责任等
How does self-assessment help in the SDL process?
自我评估在自我导向学习（SDL）过程中如何发挥作用？
allows students to reflect on their progress, identify strengths and weaknesses, and adjust their learning strategies for better outcomes.
让学生反思自己的学习进展，识别优点和不足，并调整学习策略以获得更好的成果。
What are 3 games we can integrate into the SDL classroom?
在自我导向学习（SDL）课堂中，我们可以融入哪三种游戏？
kahoot, jeopardy, bingo etc.
How does peer learning promote collaboration and accountability in SDL?
同辈学习如何在自我导向学习（SDL）中促进合作与责任感？
Peer learning encourages students to share ideas, collaborate on problem-solving, and hold each other accountable for their progress
鼓励学生分享想法、合作解决问题，并相互对自己的学习进展负责。
What are some creative ways to evaluate students other than tests?
除了考试，还有哪些更具创意性的方式可以用来评估学生？
PBL, ISP, artistic performances, oral presentations etc.
项目式学习（PBL）、独立研究项目（ISP）、艺术表演、口头报告等。
How does SDL promote self-motivation in students?
SDL如何促进学生的自我激励？
by giving them more autonomy and control over their learning process.
通过赋予学生更多的自主权和对学习过程的控制，让他们自己决定学习节奏
How can technology be integrated into the SDL process?
如何将科技融入自我导向学习（SDL）过程？
Technology can offer adaptive learning platforms, online collaboration tools, access to diverse resources, and progress tracking, which supports personalized and flexible learning in SDL.
提供学习平台、在线协作工具、丰富的资源访问以及进度跟踪，用来支持自我导向学习（SDL）中的个性化和灵活学习。
How can gamification be used to create personalized learning experiences in SDL?
如何通过游戏化在自我导向学习（SDL）中创造个性化的学习体验？
It allows for customization, where learners can choose their own challenges, set their own goals, and progress at their own pace.
根据学生的兴趣和学习进度，设计个性化的任务和挑战。学生可以选择适合自己水平和兴趣的任务，用解锁新任务的方式增加学习的自主性和参与感。
How does peer learning affect the development of SEL skills?
同辈学习如何影响社会情感学习（SEL）技能的发展？
by promoting empathy, communication, conflict resolution, and teamwork
促进同理心，锻炼沟通技巧、冲突解决和团队合作的能力。
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using portfolios as a form of assessment in SDL?
使用作品集作为自我导向学习（SDL）评估形式的优缺点是什么？
Advantages: Portfolios provide a holistic view of progress and reflection over time, promoting self-regulation. Disadvantages: They can be time-consuming to create and may lack objectivity without clear criteria.
优点：作品集提供了对学习进展和反思的整体视角，促进同学们自我监督学习。
缺点：制作作品集可能耗时，并且如果没有明确的标准，可能缺乏客观性。
What are the potential challenges or limitations of SDL, and how can they be mitigated?
SDL存在什么潜在的挑战和局限性？我们应该如何面对？
Challenges include a lack of self-motivation, difficulty in self-regulation etc. These can be mitigated by providing scaffolding, guidance from instructors, or creating structured opportunities for reflection.
缺乏自我激励、难以自我管理等。可以通过提供支架式教学 （scaffold）、教师指导或创造结构化的反思机会来减轻这些问题。
How can an instructor balance the need for structure with the flexibility required for effective SDL?
教师如何在有效的自我导向学习（SDL）中平衡结构性需求与灵活性要求？
An instructor can provide a clear framework or learning outcomes while allowing flexibility in how students reach those outcomes. (ie. assign projects for homework, but let students decide how they want to complete the project
教师可以提供清晰的框架或学习目标，同时允许学生在达到这些目标的过程中有一定的灵活性。（例如，布置作业项目，但让学生决定如何完成该项目。）
How can gamification foster intrinsic motivation for learning in SDL?
游戏化如何在自我导向学习（SDL）中促进学习的内在动机？
by making learning more enjoyable and rewarding, though its long-term effectiveness depends on maintaining the focus on meaningful learning rather than just rewards.
通过让学习变得更有趣和更有成就感（提供即时反馈），尽管其长期效果取决于将重点放在有意义的学习上，而不仅仅是奖励。
what do we do if students refuse to be part of the group and work with their peers?
学生如果拒绝参与小组学习怎么办?
If students refuse to work with their peers, offer alternatives like letting them work in smaller groups, complete tasks individually, or assign them specific roles within the group to ease their participation.
如果学生拒绝与同伴合作，可以提供替代方案，比如让他们在更小的组内工作、单独完成任务，或为他们分配小组内的特定角色，以帮助他们更容易参与。
How do we integrate a specific goal (ie. MAP score) as part of the reflective assessment process?
我们如何将一个特定目标（如MAP考试）纳入反思性评估过程？
students can regularly reflect on their progress, analyze strengths and weaknesses, and set actionable steps for improvement, with guidance from educators to link the goal to their learning strategies.
定期反思自己的进展，分析优势弱势，并制定可操作的改进措施，教师则提供指导，将目标与学习策略联系起来。