Which drug class works via dis-inhibition of spinomesencephalic pathway?
Opioids
100
PC-ML deccusates where? Where are its 3rd order neurons (cell bodies) located? What else synapses here?
Medulla
Post. Ventral Lateral Nucleus
ALS 2nd/3rd order neurons, ascending cerebellar fibers
100
Muscles involved in forceful vs light blinking
Obicularis oculi (orbital and palpebral)
100
Pain radiating from neck down left arm (lateral portion only)
Peripheral spinal nerve
100
Depressed people have what in terms of REM
Increased REM sleep but decreased efficiency
200
Your male pt. has a history of chronic dysthymia with intermittent major depressive spells and says that he hasn't been able to perform in bed lately. What drug (class) might he be on and which drug might you switch to?
SSRI and switch to buproprion
200
Main difference between pain sensation to the face and light touch is what?
Pain pathways descend and then decussate.
200
What is transmitted through sup and inf orbital fissure?
Sup- Superior ophthalmic v
CN III, IV, V1, VI
Inf- infraorbital NAV + zygomatic N
200
Left eye Ptosis w/ miosis
Horners syndrome
200
Nightmares and Night terrors occur during what stage of sleep
REM
Delta
300
Li, Valproic acid, Carbamazepine, and Lamotrigine are all used in bipolar. What is the difference in use among these?
Li-depression
VA and Carbamazepine- manic and mixed state
Lamotrigine- maintenance
300
Left Meyers loop carries what info in terms of quadrant?
R temporal/L nasal upper visual field
300
4 CNs that carry parasympathetics and where to?
III- ciliary ganglion
VII- greater petrosal/pterygopalantine ganglion and submandibular ganglion via CT
IX- Otic ganglion via tympanic, lesser petrosal and auriculotemporal
X- foregut midgut
300
From neck down bilateral weakness as well as decreased pain, but can still feel touch
Anterior cord syndrome
300
Only intrinsic laryngeal muscle not innervated by recurrent laryngeal?
Criothyroid (external br of superior laryngeal)
400
MOA of Mirtazepine? Give a good drug combo you would use w/ mirtazepine.
Alpha 2 blocker (increase NE and 5HT release)
Give w/ SSNRI to prevent reuptake
400
How can you get lower face droop w/o upper face droop?
Upper face receives bilateral innervation while lower face receives only contralateral innervation.
400
Parasympathetic innervation of Lacrimal gland, parotid, sublingual, submandibular
CN VII
IX
VII
VII
400
Right lower face
Right Arm
Right Leg
+ R babinski
(All locations have decreased sensation to touch and pain, as well as weakness)
L IC/Thalmus
400
Explain Accommodation. What is it and how does it happen?
Contraction of ciliary m. Relaxation of zonular fibers. Lens thickens
500
Which anti-depression med is typically added to an existing regiment in order to help w/ sleep?
Tazadone
500
An unconscious person's head is turned right yet his eyes remain fixed straight ahead. Explain this pathway.
L CN VI nucleus and R MLF which in turns activates L LR and R MR
500
Superior tarsal vs LPS (innervation and Fx)
ST- sympathetics and keep eye open
LPS- CN III actively open eye
500
Stationary gaze to right
Right frontal eye cortex or L PPRF
500
What bypasses the MLF and PPRF?
What about just PPRF?