Key Terms & Concepts
Using privately owned ships commissioned by a government to fight or harass enemy ships is known as this.
What is privateering?
This Portuguese prince hired explorers to find a sea route to the Indies and Orient.
Who was Prince Henry the Navigator?
In 1570, Pope Pius V urged King Philip II to drive this group from Europe and the Mediterranean.
Who were the Muslims?
King Philip II ordered his forces to “grapple and board and engage hand-to-hand,” but England intended to fight mainly using these.
What are guns?
The first successful British colony in North America was founded in 1607 in this location.
What is Jamestown, Virginia?
Warships protecting merchant shipping from hostile action are called this.
What is a convoy?
This explorer reached the Cape of Good Hope in 1487.
Who was Bartholomeu Dias?
Queen Elizabeth I secured England’s flank by forming an alliance with this country.
What is France?
This type of light cannon could fire a 17-pound ball over 1.25 miles.
What is a culverin?
The last colony on the East Coast, founded by volunteers trying to stay out of debtors’ prison, was this colony.
What is Georgia?
The ability for planned and regulated movement of troops or warships is called this.
What is maneuverability?
This explorer reached India in 1498, opening trade routes for Portugal.
Who was Vasco de Gama?
Elizabeth secretly released her fortune-seeking seamen to raid Spanish treasure ships—an act known as this.
What is privateering?
During the battle, English fireships forced the Spanish out of this French port.
What is Calais?
England gained the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam—renaming it New York—during this series of wars.
What are the English and Dutch Wars (1652–1674)?
A system of economic organization that believes total wealth is fixed, and nations must seize others’ colonies to grow is known as this theory.
What is mercantile theory?
Columbus’ first voyage was financed by Queen Isabella, who contributed this amount in royal jewels.
What is $5,000?
The most famous English seadog, he raided Spanish holdings along the west coast of South America and sailed the Golden Hind.
Who was Sir Francis Drake?
Only about half of the Spanish Armada returned home; this many ships were wrecked off Scotland and Ireland.
What is 20 ships?
The Seven Years' War, known in America as this, gave England many new possessions including Canada.
What is the French and Indian War?
A large fleet of warships—such as the one King Philip II believed was unbeatable in 1588—is called this.
What is an armada?
Columbus made four voyages; the one shown in the slide with his third expedition corresponds to this voyage.
What is the third voyage?
Spain had more soldiers but fewer guns during the Armada clash; England held the advantage in these two military qualities.
What are maneuverable smaller ships and long-range culverins?
Name all three outcomes of the Armada’s defeat, according to the PPT.
What are: Spain began to decline as a world power, other seafaring nations expanded their colonies and trade routes, pirates/privateers plundered the Spanish Main?
American seamen and American-built ships composed about this fraction of the English merchant marine.
What is one-third?