Single Subject Designs
Tx Planning
Validity and Reliability
100
One of two aspects of evaluation
Either response is correct:

Has there been any change in the area of concern?

or

Is there a functional relationship between the intervention and the observed change?

100
What does the acronym SMART stand for?
Specific

Measurable

Attainable

Realistic

Timely

100
What is the validity

Is the measure measuring what it is supposed to measure as opposed to something else?

If reliability is the consistency of an instrument, the validity is the accuracy of that instrument.

200
Name on of three conditions that must be established before a relationship is causal?
A relationship must exist between the two variables


The relationship must be non-spurious


There should be a time interval between one variable and the other

200
What comes first the problem or the goal
Problem
200
What is reliability

Reliability is the degree to which a research instrument produces consistent results

Consistency in measurement: are the measurements repeatable?

300
What are the five threats to internal validity
History

Maturation

Testing

Instrumentation

Statistical regression

300
Generally, at a minimum how many objectives should you have per goal
Two
300
How can you improve reliability

Clear conceptualization: what is exactly the construct that we are trying to measure and make it as specific as possible.

Standardization: a process by which we make sure that there is consistency across different items of an instrument: e.g. train multiple raters/ judges, use consistent rubrics for grading, etc.

Increase the number of items on an instrument (survey): trying to measure intelligence by asking people 10 questions vs. just one question.

Use more precise instrument: ratio rather than interval or ordinal.

Use multiple measures: e.g. anxiety: self report, report by someone else, measuring the heart rate (direct observation).

Pilot testing and replication: use the instrument, then adjust it and retest: e.g. GRE, SAT

M
e
n
u