Early Medieval States and Culture (6th–12th centuries)
Who were the officials responsible for judicial affairs in the Turkic Khaganate?
Tarkhans.
What was the largest military unit of 10,000 soldiers in Genghis Khan’s army?
Tumen.
What was the first capital city of the Golden Horde?
Sarai-Batu.
Which khan strengthened power in the White Horde and moved the capital to Sygnak?
Urus Khan.
Where was the Kazakh Khanate first established?
Kozybasy (Western Zhetysu).
What was the ethnopolitical name of the main population in the Western Turkic Khaganate?
“On Ok Bodun” (Ten Arrow People).
Who commanded the defense of the city of Otrar?
Khayir Khan.
What was the official document issued by Golden Horde khans granting land or authority?
Yarlyk (decree/charter).
Who was the founder and first ruler of the Moghulistan state?
Tughlugh Timur.
According to M. H. Dulati’s work “Tarikh-i Rashidi,” when was the Khanate founded?
1465–1466.
What was the land grant given by khans in the Karakhanid state for service to the state?
Iqta.
Which commander ordered not to resist the Mongols in Zhetysu?
Jebe Noyan.
Who were the officials responsible for civil administration and tax collection in the Golden Horde?
Baskaks.
What grand architectural structure did Amir Timur build in Turkestan between 1397–1399?
Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi.
Which city was the political and administrative center during the reign of Kasym Khan?
Saraishyk.
What was the title of the heir to the supreme ruler in the Oghuz state?
Inal.
Which son of Genghis Khan received South Kazakhstan and Transoxiana as his domain?
Chagatai.
What were the clerks responsible for record-keeping and documentation in the Golden Horde?
Bitikchis (scribes).
Name the sultans who migrated away from the Abulkhair Khanate (Nomadic Uzbeks).
Kerei and Janibek.
Which battle in 1643, led by Zhangir Khan, resulted in a Kazakh victory over the Dzungars?
Battle of Orbulaq.
What was the title of the rulers of the Khitans (Kara-Khitai) who conquered Zhetysu?
Gurkhan.
What were the hereditary lands distributed by Genghis Khan among his descendants called?
Uluses.
Where did the battle that contributed to the decline of the Golden Horde take place in 1395?
On the banks of the Terek River.
What was the highest state and military position after the khan in Moghulistan?
Ulusbegi.
What was the name of the customary law code adopted under Tauke Khan with the participation of seven judges?
“Zheti Zhargy” (Seven Charters/Laws).