What are the five hypotheses in Krashen's Monitor Model?
100
An error in learner language which does not result from transfer from the first language.
What is an 'intralingual error' (developmental error)?
100
It argues that language emerges out of use or practice.
What is 'Emergentism'?
100
His writings were the basis for the development of the sociocultural approach in SLA.
Who is Lev Vygotsky?
200
A hypothesis that emphasizes the important role of conversational interaction in SLA.
What is the 'Interaction Hypothesis'?
200
The idea that language elements are acquired in a fixed, pre-determined order.
What is the 'Natural Order Hypothesis'?
200
A view/approach that shows errors can provide a glimpse into the learner's ongoing attempts to acquire a new language.
What is 'Error Analysis (EA)'?
200
In this view, the learners store language forms in memory and make associations between the forms.
What is the 'Emergentist/Usage-based perspective'?
200
The distance between the actual developmental level and the level of potential development as determined through language produced collaboratively with a teacher/peer.
What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?
300
This hypothesis states that L2 learners don't begin to acquire a language feature until they become aware of it in the input.
What is the 'Noticing Hypothesis'?
300
Input that is one level beyond the learner's current level
What is 'i+1'?
300
Scholars once argued that it allows one to predict areas of difficulty for language learners.
What is 'Contrastive Analysis (CA)'?
300
Select the next clue -- Whoever gets the next clue wins both!
What is ?
300
It supports the learner's development and provides support structures to get to the next level.
What is Scaffolding?
400
Learning without awareness of what is being learned
What is 'implicit learning'?
400
The process in which the learner develops language competence through subconscious exposure to language.
What is 'acquisition'?
400
This analysis helped to shift the focus to the learner's own creative processes in developing language.
What is 'Error Analysis'?
400
This is the key factor that makes L2 acquisition possible in the Emergentist view.
What is 'frequency in the input'?
400
In the sociocultural approach, this refers to connecting with others (and the physical world) with language.
What is 'mediation'?
500
Developed by Merrill Swain, it suggests that comprehensible input alone is not enough; producing comprehensible output plays an essential role in L2 development.
What is the 'Output Hypothesis'?
500
The idea that "learned" knowledge serves as an editor and allows the learners to correct their utterances.
What is the 'Monitor Hypothesis'?
500
This provides a more nuanced view of transfer across languages than Contrastive Analysis by suggesting that "CA can help explain the occurrence of certain errors resulting from transfer from the L1 into the L2".
What is 'Cross-Linguistic Influence (CLI)'?
500
This person proposed that "a system can have properties that amount to more than the sum of its parts".
Who is John Stuart Mill?
500
In the sociocultural approach, it is the process in which learners interiorize knowledge acquired through social interaction.