This term refers to the language being learned, whether it is the first or second (or third or fourth) language.
What is "target language?"
100
Larry Selinker first used this term to refer to how a learner develops second language knowledge.
What is "interlanguage?"
100
A word in one language that comes from the same origin as a word in another language and has a similar meaning.
What is a cognate?
100
Linda Christensen refers to Standard English as the "language of ________."
What is the "power."
100
1997 research by Lyster and Ranta found this to be the most common, but least effective, form of oral correction employed by foreign language teachers.
What is a recast?
200
This two-word term refers to the ability to engage in problem-solving, deduction, and complex memory tasks.
What is "cognitive maturity?"
200
Larry Selinker coined this term to refer to a persistent lack of change in interlanguage patterns, even after extended exposure to or instruction in the target language.
What is "fossilization?
200
In pragmatics, a phrase or tone of voice used to reduce or soften the possible negative impact of what is said.
What is mitigation?
200
Linda Christensen is of the opinion that when a student's writing is filled with errors, giving only positive feedback would be a dereliction of __________?
What is "duty?"
200
What behaviorist teaching model was practiced in the 1950's and 1960's and stressed error correction at all costs?
What is the Audiolingual Method?
300
Lightbown & Spada use this term to refer to modified or simplified language that some native speakers use to address second language learners.
What is "foreigner talk" or teacher talk?"
300
This term refers to the order in which certain features of a language are acquired in language learning.
What are "developmental sequences?"
300
This term usually refers to smaller units that are added to words to alter their grammatical meanings.
What are "grammatical morphemes?"
300
Linda Christensen notes that this dialect of English has the linguistic feature of not adding -s to the end of third-person singular verbs.
What is African-American Vernacular English?
300
Generally thought of as what a learner notices and retains in foreign language instruction, Lyster and Ranta (2006) define this as "a student's utterance that immediately follows the teacher's feedback."
What is "uptake?"
400
This term refers to the influence of a learner's first language knowledge in the second language.
What is "transfer" or "interference?"
400
This term refers to places in a sentence where a particular grammatical form is required if the sentence is to be correct.
What are "obligatory contexts?"
400
This three-word term refers to the effect on knowledge of one language by the knowledge of another.
What is "cross-linguistic influence?"
400
These are errors that are part of or the result of a student's home language?
What are logical errors?
400
2005 research by Lasagabaster and Sierra showed that teachers were reluctant to correct grammar for fear of inducing this reaction?
What is "language anxiety?"
500
This hypothesis assumes that errors are the result of transfer from the learner's first language or the expectation that learners will have less difficulty acquiring target language patterns that are similar to those of the first language.
What is the "Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis?"
500
This term refers to the relative accuracy of grammatical forms in learner language.
What is "accuracy order?"
500
This term refers to aspects of language that go beyond vocabulary and grammar to include how to use language appropriately in different contexts.
What are pragmatics?
500
In Linda Christensen's piece, what shoes did Larry's mom tell him were in style while Larry thought they were "nasty looking and raggedy?"
What are Converse Chuck Taylors?
500
This 2006 hypothesis by Lyster and Mori suggested that corrective feedback is more effective when it counteracts the classroom's predominant communicative orientation.