Central Dogma & Proteins
The monomers that join together to build a protein.
What are amino acids?
The monomers of DNA and RNA.
What are nucleotides?
The purpose of DNA replication before cell division.
What is to make an identical copy so each new cell gets full DNA?
One of the three statements of cell theory besides “all living things are made of cells.”
What is “cells are the basic unit of life” or “all cells come from preexisting cells” or "cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell"?
The plant organelle where photosynthesis happens.
What is the chloroplast?
Hemoglobin is an example of this type of biomolecule.
What is protein?
The base in RNA that replaces thymine.
What is uracil?
The phase of the cell cycle when DNA is replicated.
What is S phase (of interphase)?
The key structural difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
What is the presence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotes?
The “powerhouse” organelle that makes ATP (energy).
What is the mitochondria?
The overall flow of genetic information in cells.
What is DNA → RNA → Protein?
These units are built from three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
What are nucleotides?
The idea that each new DNA molecule keeps one old strand and builds one new strand.
What is semi-conservative replication?
A structure found in plant cells but not animal cells.
What is a cell wall, chloroplast or large central vacuole?
The organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.
What is the Golgi apparatus (Golgi body/complex)?
The product made at the end of translation.
What is a protein (polypeptide)?
The base-pair rules for DNA and for DNA→RNA.
What are A–T, C–G (DNA); and A–U, C–G (DNA→RNA)?
This exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I increases genetic variation in gametes.
What is crossing over?
The organelle that houses DNA in eukaryotes and the main function of that organelle.
What is the nucleus, which stores/protects DNA and controls gene expression?
This cell part is covered with tiny dots called ribosomes. It helps the cell make proteins and send them where they need to go.
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)?
The process that makes an mRNA copy of a small portion of DNA (gene).
What is transcription?
The sugar and strand differences between DNA and RNA.
What are deoxyribose/double-stranded (DNA) and ribose/single-stranded (RNA)?
Cells with two sets of chromosomes (2n) found in most body tissues and produced by mitosis.
What are diploid cells?
In 1665, he named the tiny compartments he saw in cork “cells.”
Who is Robert Hooke?
The main location of DNA in eukaryotic cells and the main place RNA is used for protein building.
What are the nucleus (DNA) and the cytoplasm/ribosome (RNA use)?