Back to the Basics
The exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories
What is global trade?
These two ancient civilizations heavily influenced modern infrastructure, democratic governments, and ideas of law and citizenship still used today.
What are Greece and Rome?
This 20th-century system of racial segregation in South Africa ended in the 1990s, thanks in part to the leadership of Nelson Mandela.
What is apartheid?
This city is sacred to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and has been a focal point of religious and political conflict for centuries.
What is Jerusalem?
This weather phenomenon dominates South Asia’s climate, with a wet season from June to September and a dry season from October to May.
A process of ecological degradation in which fertile land becomes arid and loses or reduces its productivity
What is desertification?
This religious reform movement began in the 16th century, led by figures like Martin Luther, and caused major divisions in Christianity.
What is the Reformation?
In Rwanda, conflict between these two ethnic groups led to a genocide in 1994.
Who are the Hutus and Tutsis?
This ongoing conflict is rooted in competing national aspirations and territorial disputes between Jews and Arabs in Palestine and Israel.
What is the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?
This 1930 protest led by Mahatma Gandhi against British salt taxes became a key symbol of nonviolent resistance in India’s independence movement.
What is the Salt March?
This type of economy is characterized by a shift from manufacturing-based jobs to service-oriented industries like finance, healthcare, and technology.
What is the post-industrial economy?
This economic and political union allows for open borders and a shared currency, but not all countries join due to concerns over losing sovereignty.
What is the European Union?
In Africa, areas with high population density often struggle with providing enough of these basic resources.
What are water, food, and healthcare?
This international organization, heavily influenced by Middle Eastern countries, controls oil production to stabilize prices on the global market.
What is OPEC?
This religion, dominant in India, features beliefs in karma, dharma, and reincarnation, and influences many social and cultural practices in the region.
What is Hinduism?
These countries typically have lower GDP per capita, limited access to healthcare and education, and are working toward greater industrialization and economic growth.
Compared to lesser developed nations, European countries tend to have a higher one of these, due to better healthcare, education, and income levels.
What is the standard of living?
After independence, many African nations faced this type of political system where one person or party held most of the power — often leading to instability.
What is authoritarianism or dictatorship?
Beginning in 2010, this wave of protests and revolutions spread across the Arab world, calling for democracy, human rights, and the end of authoritarian regimes.
What is the Arab Spring?
From the mid-1700s until 1947, this European empire ruled most of the Indian subcontinent, shaping its political, economic, and cultural landscape.
This term refers to the long-term rise in Earth's average temperature due to increased greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like burning fossil fuels.
What is global warming?
This major economic change began in England and led to the growth of cities, changes in labor, and the rise of new social classes.
The Industrial Revolution
Africa’s high birth rates, combined with challenges in healthcare and infrastructure, have led to this demographic trend that stresses resources.
What is rapid population growth?
Despite theological differences, these three monotheistic religions share a belief in one God, prophets, and the significance of Jerusalem.
What are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?
As elevation increases in this towering South Asian mountain range, temperatures drop and vegetation changes, creating diverse climate zones in a short vertical span.
What are the Himalayas?