Religion
people at the bottom of the feudal system
Serfs
wealthy landowners
Patricians
a deep, narrow bay
Fjord
Pericles rule began a ______ ___.
Golden Age
a river that starts in Switzerland and ends in the North Sea
Rhine River
In 1054, Christianity officially divided into two parts: the ______________ in Western Europe and the Eastern Orthodox Church in Eastern Europe.
Roman Catholic Church
the first emperor of Rome in 27 b.c.
Augustus
related to cloth or clothing
Textile
an independent community that includes a city and its surrounding territory
city-state
a river that starts in Germany and ends at the Black Sea
Danube River
a fee paid to the church to relax the penalty for a sin during the Middle Ages
Indulgence
a general who became the ruler of Rome, 46-44 b.c.
Julius Caesar
land in the Netherlands that has been reclaimed from the sea for farming
Polder
In 334 B.C., Philip's son, ___________, became king and began to extend his father's empire.
Alexander the Great
the mass slaughter by the Nazis of six million Jews and others during World War ll
Holocaust
From about 400 to 800, a German group called the ______ stopped the fighting and unified most of Western Europe.
Franks
One consul could ____ a decision made by the other consul.
Veto
a long ditch that protects soldiers from enemy gunfire
Trench
The ___________ War between Athens and Sparta begins.
Peloponnesian
worldwide economic downturn in the 1930s, marked by poverty and high unemployment
Great Depression
a social structure that is organized like a pyramid
The Feudal System
military expeditions of the Roman Catholic Church to take back holy lands in the Middle East from Muslim control
Crusades
a strong sense of loyalty to one's country
Nationalism
a group of upper-class noblemen that began to act as advisers to the king
Aristocrats
a German monk whose actions in 1517 led to the Reformation to address corruption in the Roman Catholic Church
Martin Luther