PASSAGE 3
According to paragraph 1, how does CFL energy use compare to incandescent? Use the specific fraction or percentage.
CFLs use 'approximately one quarter of the energy compared to traditional incandescent bulbs.' That means 25% of the energy — or 75% less.
According to the Lifetime Savings diagram, how many incandescent bulbs would you need to match the lifespan of ONE LED bulb?
A) 5 B) 10 C) 25 D) 50
C) 25
This word describes the traditional bulb CFLs are designed to replace. It refers to a bulb that produces light by heating a wire until it glows.
A) Fluorescent B) Luminescent C) Incandescent D) Iridescent
C) Incandescent
Question 8A: What is the central idea of the CFL Fact Sheet/FAQ?
A) CFLs offer an inexpensive, more practical choice for consumers. B) CFLs have many advantages over traditional light bulbs. C) CFLs are a new, more efficient type of light bulb. D) CFLs are very safe for people to use.
D) CFLs are very safe for people to use.
Question 9: How does the Lifetime Savings diagram distinguish between the different types of light bulbs?
A) By showing the replacement costs associated with each type of light bulb. B) By showing the overall energy costs associated with each type of light bulb. C) By showing the amount of energy generated by each type per hour of use. D) By showing the amount of waste generated by each type when recycled
B) By showing the overall energy costs associated with each type of light bulb.
According to paragraph 4, what is the FDA's specific distance recommendation, and for what type of CFL?
A) Do not use CFLs closer than 3 feet for more than two hours per day.
B) Do not use single envelope CFLs closer than 1 foot for more than one hour per day.
C) Do not use CFLs in enclosed spaces at any distance.
D) Keep all CFLs at least 2 feet away at all times.
B) Do not use single envelope CFLs closer than 1 foot for more than one hour per day.
200 — According to the diagram, what is the total cost of using 2.5 CFL bulbs over their full lifetime?
A) $10 B) $25 C) $35 D) $50
C
This word from paragraph 9 describes people who may be more easily affected by negative effects of CFLs. It means "likely to be harmed or affected; vulnerable."
A) Anecdotal B) Dismissive C) Fluorescent D) Susceptible
D) Susceptible
Question 10A: What is the tone of paragraph 7 in the CFL passage?
A) Dismissive B) Reassuring C) Uplifting D) Fearful
B) Reassuring
Question 7: Select TWO sentences from paragraph 1 of the CFL passage that suggest it would be EASY for consumers to start using CFLs.
A) CFLs are a type of fluorescent lamp. B) Many models of CFLs are available that are designed to replace traditional incandescent bulbs. C) The compact size of these CFLs allows them to fit into many existing incandescent light fixtures, including table and floor lamps commonly found in households. D) CFLs are very energy efficient, using approximately one quarter of the energy compared to traditional incandescent bulbs. E) CFLs also have a very long lifespan, typically 6,000–15,000 hours compared to the 750–1,000 hours for a normal incandescent bulb.
B
C
In paragraph 7, the author compares the amount of mercury in a CFL to the tip of a pen. What is the author's purpose in making this comparison?
A) To show that mercury is a liquid and flows easily out of a broken bulb.
B) To explain how mercury helps the bulb produce light more efficiently.
C) To minimize the reader's concern by showing how small the amount actually is.
D) To warn readers that even small amounts of mercury can be extremely dangerous.
C) To minimize the reader's concern by showing how small the amount actually is.
The notes at the bottom of the diagram state that each incandescent bulb costs only $0.40. Why then does the TOTAL cost of 25 incandescent bulbs reach $100?
A) Incandescent bulbs break easily and require professional replacement each time.
B) Incandescent bulbs are taxed at a higher rate than energy-efficient bulbs.
C) The much higher wattage of incandescent bulbs means far greater electricity costs over 25,000 hours.
D) Incandescent bulbs require special disposal fees that add to their total cost.
C) The much higher wattage of incandescent bulbs means far greater electricity costs over 25,000 hours.
This word from paragraph 9 describes the headache reports that exist about CFLs. It means "based on personal stories rather than systematic research or proven evidence."
A) Causative B) Anecdotal C) Plausible D) Statistical
B) Anecdotal
Question 11A: Which sentence from paragraph 5 offers GENERAL safety advice about exposure to UV radiation?
A) The glass used in CFLs already provides a UV filtering effect. B) Any additional glass, plastic, or fabric in lighting fixtures between you and the CFL will further reduce the already low levels. C) Increasing the distance between you and any radiation source, including CFLs, will also reduce the small level to a lower level.
C) Increasing the distance between you and any radiation source, including CFLs, will also reduce the small level to a lower level.
Question 11B: What key idea from the CFL passage does the sentence chosen in Question 11A support?
A) CFLs fail to adequately filter exposure to UV. B) There are additional ways to lessen exposure to UV. C) CFLs expose people to less UV than other types of bulbs. D) There are many lighting fixtures that block exposure to UV.
B) There are additional ways to lessen exposure to
According to paragraph 9, the text states there is "yet no research to directly explain any plausible causative mechanism" for CFL headaches. What does this tell you about the headache reports?
A) Research has confirmed that CFLs definitely cause headaches in some people.
B) There is no scientific evidence that proves CFLs actually cause headaches.
C) The FDA is currently conducting research to identify the cause.
D) CFL headaches only affect people with pre-existing medical conditions.
B) There is no scientific evidence that proves CFLs actually cause headaches.
cancion que le gusta cantar cuando esta triste?
All I Want
This word describes how CFLs produce light — through a chemical and electrical reaction in gas rather than through heat. It is also the category of lamp that CFLs belong to.
A) Luminescent B) Incandescent C) Iridescent D) Fluorescent
D) Fluorescent
Question 8B: How is the central idea developed throughout the CFL passage?
A) By comparing and contrasting CFLs with traditional bulbs. B) By detailing the way in which CFLs generate light. C) By responding to reported concerns about CFLs. D) By listing the various benefits of using CFLs.
C) By responding to reported concerns about CFLs
Question 14: The podcast guest makes several claims about CFLs. Which claim is offered WITHOUT sufficient supporting evidence?
A) CFLs provide significant energy savings compared to incandescent bulbs. B) Using CFLs is better for the environment than using incandescent bulbs. C) The small amount of mercury in CFLs presents little risk to consumers. D) CFLs are easy to dispose of when they eventually burn out.
D) CFLs are easy to dispose of when they eventually burn out.
Reread paragraphs 2–3. What strategy does the author use to reassure readers about UV exposure from CFLs?
A) The author ignores the question of UV entirely.
B) The author claims CFLs emit absolutely no UV radiation.
C) The author uses measurement standards and labeling requirements to show UV levels are monitored and controlled.
D) The author compares CFL UV levels to sunlight to show CFLs are the safer option.
C) The author uses measurement standards and labeling requirements to show UV levels are monitored and controlled.
Based on the wattage information in the diagram (43W vs. 13W vs. 12W), what conclusion can you draw about why incandescent bulbs cost the most over time even though each bulb is the cheapest to buy?
A) The diagram includes hidden taxes and disposal fees only for incandescent bulbs.
B) The cost of 25 replacements plus the much higher electricity usage of 43-watt bulbs over 25,000 hours drives the total cost far higher.
C) Incandescent bulbs require special installation that adds significantly to their cost.
D) The diagram is based on commercial pricing, which is higher than household rates.
B) The cost of 25 replacements plus the much higher electricity usage of 43-watt bulbs over 25,000 hours drives the total cost far higher.
This word from paragraph 4 of the CFL passage refers to a type of radiation beyond visible light that can penetrate skin and cause damage. The FDA recommends staying more than one foot away from certain CFLs to limit exposure.
A) Mercury B) Ultraviolet C) Thermal radiation D) Incandescent
B) Ultraviolet
Question 10B: Select the sentence from paragraph 7 that MOST CLEARLY contributes to the reassuring tone.
A) Like traditional tube-style fluorescent lamps, CFLs contain a small amount of mercury. B) It is the use of this small amount of mercury that allows any fluorescent lamp to produce visible illumination at much higher efficiency levels than incandescent lighting. C) Typical household CFLs contain less than 5 mg of mercury, which is a sphere about the size of the tip of a pen. D) CFLs do not emit mercury as they operate. E) The only way mercury could be emitted from a CFL would be if the outer glass tubing that contains the mercury were to break.
C) Typical household CFLs contain less than 5 mg of mercury, which is a sphere about the size of the tip of a pen.
Question 15: Match each piece of evidence to the correct claim.
Claim A: CFLs benefit both the environment and the economy. Claim B: The environmental disadvantages of CFLs can be overcome.
Evidence 1: CFLs use 75% less energy than traditional light bulbs. → Claim ___ Evidence 2: The amount of mercury in a CFL is equivalent to the tip of a ballpoint pen. → Claim ___ Evidence 3: The energy savings from CFLs could power 3 million homes for a year. → Claim ___
A) Evidence 1 → B, Evidence 2 → A, Evidence 3 → B B) Evidence 1 → A, Evidence 2 → B, Evidence 3 → A C) Evidence 1 → A, Evidence 2 → A, Evidence 3 → B D) Evidence 1 → B, Evidence 2 → B, Evidence 3 → A
Answer: B — Evidence 1 → A, Evidence 2 → B, Evidence 3 → A