Module 4
The simplest reinforcement schedule as the reinforcer comes after every instance of behavior
What is continuous reinforcement?
The positive reinforcer is no longer delivered OR an aversive stimulus is no longer removed following a behavior are procedural variations of this behavioral process
What is extinction?
The process by which an immediate behavioral consequence results in a decrease in the future rate of behavior
What is punishment?
Verbal instruction and shaping was used to improve _____ for 3 football players.
What is tackling?
Alexis is babysitting her cousin and wants to know what her cousin’s favorite toys are. She picks 6 toys from her cousin’s bedroom and places them all in front of her. Alexis tells her cousin to “pick one” before promptly removing all of the toys her cousin didn’t pick from her reach, while letting her cousin play with the selected toy. When Alexis removes the selected toy from her cousin, she does not represent it. Instead, she puts it off to the side and re-presents the remaining 5 toys. Alexis continues to do this until her cousin has selected all the toys. This is an example of which type of preference assessment?
What is multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO)?
Animal who learned to press a lever to get food pellets and was exposed to extinction
Who is Bobo the rat?
The 4th term of the operant contingency.
What is a motivating operation (MO)?
This is something unpleasant or uncomfortable that a person or animal tries to avoid, escape from, or reduce. It can be physical, like pain, or emotional, like criticism.
What is an aversive stimulus?
Putting one stimulus out at a time and measuring how long the learner plays with it.
What is a single stimulus preference assessment?
A local coffee shop has stamp cards that states for every 10 coffees bought, the 11th coffee will be given for free. This is an example of which schedule of reinforcement?
What is a fixed ratio (FR 10)?
It makes behavior more persistent and resistant to extinction.
What is intermittent reinforcement?
This procedure can be used to improve behaviors that are already in the learner’s repertoire, but may need refinement or increased precision
What is shaping?
Time out and response cost are two examples of this behavioral process.
What is negative punishment?
The self-injurious behavior inhibiting system (SIBIS) uses this type of procedure in order to be effective.
What is positive punishment?
Julie is trying to teach her dog to jump inside a box. Her dog has never done this before and rarely jumps to begin with. To teach her dog this skill, she first reinforces every time her dog steps near the box. Once her dog is stepping near the box, she starts reinforcing every time her dog puts his paw on the edge of the box. Once her dog is putting his paw on the edge of the box consistently, she starts reinforcing each time her dog puts one whole leg into the box. Julie continues to increase the complexity of the behavior her dog is required to engage in before earning reinforcement until he can successfully jump into the box. What behavioral process did Julie use to teach her dog this skill?
What is shaping?
Produces a post-reinforcement pause (e.g., the pause between finishing a task and receiving reinforcement and starting another task).
What is a fixed ratio schedule?
When a behavior is under extinction, the learner may try new or different ways of performing the behavior to see if they can get the reinforcement back.
What is operant variability?
Behavior analysts define punishment by its effects on behavior, while society defines punishment by its ____.
What is form?
Explain how the SIBIS works.
It delivers shock contingent on the occurrence of severe SIB.
Mojola was speeding on the highway and got pulled over by a cop. He gave her a ticket because she was going 10 miles over the speed limit. Mojola continues to speed and gets a few more tickets for the same reason. Mojola never stops speeding on the highway, regardless of the fact she keeps getting tickets. Is this an example of punishment? Why or why not?
No, even though an event is presented following a behavior (speeding), the behavior is not decreasing.
Present two stimuli at a time, measure each approach to observe what the client picks, and pair all stimuli with all other stimuli twice. This is one way to assess preference.
The effect an MO has when it establishes or abolishes something as a reinforcer.
What is the value-altering effect?
Prompting an individual to perform an effortful behavior contingent on problem behavior is what form of positive punishment?
What is overcorrection?
In Joshua Klein’s TED talk, he proposes that crows can be helpful for:
What is training them to collect litter in exchange for food?
Dr. Lechago was hungry for some chips so she went to the vending machine. After selecting her chips, the bag got stuck on the coil and didn’t fall to the bottom of the machine. To try and get the chips to fall down, she starts pressing all of the buttons, hitting the side of the machine, and trying to shake it. This is an example of what characteristic of extinction?
What is operant variability?