A
A mental structure that helps individuals organize and interpret information about the world is called a _____________
scheme
A reader trying to comprehend a complex text.
This scenario is an example of what type of awaareness?
metacognition
Students who do well in school, typically are high in what type of intelligence?
analytical intelligence
An example of symbolic function is when a child uses a stick as a pretend sword while playing "knights." The child understands that the stick represents a sword, allowing them to engage in imaginative play and create scenarios, demonstrating the ability to use symbols to represent something else.
This is an example of what?
Factors such as age differences and individual differences in susceptibility, and interviewing techniques can influence children's accuracy of what?
memory in eyewitness accounts
The distribution of IQ scores approximates what type of distribution?
normal distribution
"The cat sat on the mat."
In this example, the subject ("the cat") comes first, followed by the verb ("sat"), and then the prepositional phrase ("on the mat").
This is an example of what aspect of language?
syntax
Imagine a person who moves to a new apartment near a train station. Initially, the sound of trains passing by is very noticeable and may disrupt their concentration or sleep. As days pass, the person continues to hear the trains but begins to pay less attention to the sound. Eventually, they may no longer notice the trains at all, and the noise no longer disturbs their sleep or focus.
habituation
egocentrism
3
dis-
agree
-ment
Constructing an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with motoric actions is the main task during what Piagetian stage of development?
sensorimotor stage
Programs and support services that educate parents to be sensitive caregivers and better teachers is an example of trying to improve what type of environment of impoverished children?
Intellectual environments
Similar to a growth mindset, this theory of intelligence posits that intelligence can be developed through effort, learning, and perseverance.
incremental theory of intelligence
Broca's area is primarily involved in ________ (function), while Wernicke's area is primarily responsible for ________ (function).
Broca's area: speech production (or language expression)
Wernicke's area: language comprehension (or understanding)
Fuzzy trace theory suggests that when we remember information, we rely more on the ________ (1) for understanding the general meaning rather than on the ________ (2), which captures the exact wording of the information.
1. gist
2. verbatim memory trace
One day, the child sees a cat for the first time. Initially, the child might try to fit the cat into their existing "dog" schema and might call it a dog because it also has four legs and fur. However, after observing that the cat meows instead of barking and behaves differently than a dog, the child realizes that not all four-legged animals are dogs. To adjust to this new information, the child modifies their existing schema by creating a new schema for "cat." This is an example of what?
accommodation
In a team meeting, a manager feels stressed about an upcoming deadline but recognizes their emotions and remains calm. When a team member expresses frustration about their workload, the manager empathizes, acknowledging their feelings and suggesting a brainstorming session to redistribute tasks. Afterward, the manager checks in with the team member, offering support and encouraging open communication.
This scenario illustrates what type of intelligence?
emotional intelligence
A young person is first provided support by a teacher, or more knowledgeable person, to help a learner accomplish a task they cannot complete independently. Gradually, the young person requires less and less assistance and soon becomes an independent learner. This is an example of what?
A female student taking a math exam hears a teacher say that “girls often perform worse than boys in math.” This comment makes her anxious and leads to stress that affects her performance. Despite being well-prepared, her anxiety causes her to make careless mistakes.
this scenario is an example of what?
stereotype threat
A person sees someone looking at their watch and tapping their foot in a meeting. This could be interpreted as a sign that the person is impatient or eager to leave, rather than just checking the time.
This scenario is an example of what type of rule?
pragmatics
A child sees a sparrow in the park and recognizes it as a bird, fitting it into their existing schema. Later, the child encounters a penguin at the zoo. They initially try to fit this new experience by calling the penguin a "bird" too, even though it cannot fly and looks very different from the birds they are used to. In this case, the child is integrating this information into their existing "bird" schema to understand the penguin, even though the penguin's characteristics don't fit perfectly. This is an example of what?
assimilation
What is one difference between intelligence tests and developmental scales?
Developmental scales emphasize perceptual motor skill development
How do you calculate IQ?
MA/CA x 100
A child learning to ride a bike struggles to balance. With the help of a parent, who provides guidance and support while allowing the child to try on their own, the child gradually gains confidence and skills.
This process is an example of what?
zone of proximal development
The teacher selects a colorful picture book that features a story about friendship, filled with engaging illustrations. The teacher reads the book aloud, encouraging children to look at the pictures and predict what might happen next. After reading, the teacher asks open-ended questions like, “How do you think the characters feel?” and “What would you do if you were in their situation?”
What type of approach to reading is this?
whole-language approach