Sedativesw
What is a sedative?
Drug that produces a relaxing, calming effect
May cause drowsiness but usually does not produce sleepHow do they work?
Cause a relaxing effect
Have a lesser effect on RR
Blocks certain neurotransmitter receptor sites that act on serotonin, the hypothalamus and brain stem
USES
Anxiety disorder, panic attacks
Pre-Anesthia sedation
Seizures
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome
What is it?
Decreased cognitive functioning
Memory, attention, language, communication ability, problem-solving skills
What is a hypnotic?
Drug that induces sleep
Allows the pt to fall and stay asleep
Mixed with ETOH and can cause coma, death
What does long term use of sedative-hypnotics have?
Physical and Psychological dependencies
Adverse reactions
Drowsiness, sedation
Dizziness (can lower bp, teach pt)
Disorientation, fatigue
Anger
Restlessness
What is Alzheimer’s disease
Degeneration of nerve by amyloid plaques and tangled nerve bundles
Causes 60-80% of all cases of dementia
What are barbiturates?
Not commonly used due to increased dependency & adverse effects
Describe Non-benzodiazepines
Fewer reports of dependency, abuse potential, rebound insomnia, Resp depression and other interactions with medications
How do they effect older adults?
Older adults do not eliminate the drug as well
More prone to adverse reactions, may need lower dose
Examples of dementia meds?
Donepezil
Galantamine
Rivastigmine
Memantine
What are the uses of barbiturates?
Insomnia, seizures, pre-op sedation, used as adjunct for Anesthia
Examples on Nonbenzodiazepines
Busperone
Hydroxyzine
Promethazine HCL
Zolpidem (Ambien)
Examples of barbiturates?
PhenoBARBITAL
PentoBARBITALSecoBARBITAL
Examples of Benzodiazepines
Stronger
AlprazolAM
ClonaZEPAM
DiaZEPAM
LoraZEPAM